臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究中，研究使用多項農工業廢棄物作為新型生物填料製備隔熱塗層的可行性，將回收回來的廢棄物高溫改質，之後將廢棄物研製作成初步的隔熱塗料，然後模擬陽光照射來測試隔熱塗料塗布前後鋼片之表面溫差，本研究分為兩個部分，第1 部分為測試多種農工業廢棄物的隔熱效果，期望開發出低成本且能取代市售常用隔熱塗料之高價顏填料。第2 部份是將部分殼類廢棄物用於氫氧基磷灰石的合成測試，期望能進一步開發出農工業廢棄物的附加價值。
在第1 部分的結果表明，使用實驗室開發的裝置進行隔熱性能測試時，在鋼片上使用1200°C 煅燒蛋殼粉（最低ΔT= 7.5°C）的塗層比使用其他塗層具有更好的降溫效果，這意味著它使塗層具有更好的隔熱性能。 另外，塗層使用1200°C 煅燒蛋殼的性能也具有最佳反射太陽輻射的能力。
在第二部分中，使用主要由碳酸鈣組成的廢殼粉末作為合成羥基磷灰石粉末的起始材料。通過在600℃和 1200℃下煅燒殼粉2 小時，使用 X 射線繞射（XRD）、傅里葉變換紅外光譜（FT-IR）分析確定分冸為CaCO3 和 Ca（OH）2，XRD 分析也證明與 ICDS標準卡號一致。使用得到的 CaCO3 和 Ca（OH）2 粉末與磷酸鹽反應，然後使用 DSHAP、WMSHAP 和 BHHAP 方法合成羥基磷灰石粉末。，根據XRD 和 FT-IR 結果，通過 DSHAP 和 BHHAP方法確實可以獲得羥基磷灰石粉末。
總結日照模擬帄台詴驗結果，基於隔熱塗料之屋外及屋內隔熱效果、隔熱塗料塗布後度之經濟效益，以及樣品反射率等效果之考量，本研究建議以1200℃煅燒蛋殼粉取代市售常用隔熱塗料之高價顏填料，並且在施工厚度上勿超過 3 層以上，此外，在 HAp可使用 DSHAP 及BHHAP 方法進行合成。

The feasibility of employing agricultural and industrial wastes as a new bio-filler to prepare thermal insulation coatings is demonstarted. The recovered wastes were modified with high temperature, and the modified wastes were made into a preliminary heat-insulating coating, and used to simulate the sunlight to test the surface temperature difference between the interior and the exterior of the house before and after coating. In this study have two parts, in first part, it is expected to develop high-priced pigments and fillers that are low-cost and can replace the commonly used thermal insulation coatings. In second part , is used some wastes shell for the synthesis test of hydroxyapatite, and it is expected to further increase the added value of industrial waste.
In the first section, the results show that thermal insulation performance tests were carried out by using a lab-developed setup, Which coating used 1200°C calcined eggshell powder(with the lowest ΔT = 7.5 °C) won out over the other coatings to cool the surface of steel plate, which means the better thermal insulation performance it renders the coating. In addition, the performance of coating use 1200°C calcined eggshell was also having best coatings' power of reflecting solar radiation.
In second section, waste shell powder which predominantly composed of calcium carbonate, was used as a staring material for synthesizing Hydroxyapatite powder. By calcinating the shell powder at 600℃ and 1200℃ for 2 h, respetivelly the CaCO3 and Ca(OH)2 characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was obtained, The XRD pattern also agreed with the Standard ICDS file. The obtained CaCO3 and Ca (OH)2 powders was reacted with phosphate, then used DSHAP, WMSHAP and BHHAP method to form the Hydroxyapatite powder. From XRD and FT-IR results, the Hydroxyapatite powder was obtained by DSHAP and BHHAP method.
Summarize the test results of the sunshine simulation platform. Based on the effects of the thermal insulation coating on the exterior and indoor insulation, the economic benefits of the thermal insulation coating, and the reflectivity of the sample, this study proposes using 1200℃ calcined eggshell powder to replace the High-priced pigments and fillers are used in commercial insulation coatings, and should not exceed 3 layers in construction thickness. In addition, HAP can be synthesized by DSHAP and BHHAP methods.

封面內頁
簽名頁
中文摘要
ABSTRACT
誌謝
目錄
圖目錄
表目錄
符號說明

第一章 前言 1
1.1 研究動機 1
1.2 研究目的 4
第二章 文獻回顧 6
2.1都市熱島效應 6
2.2 建築隔熱的歷史發展 7
2.2.1 反照率、色彩及熱傳導與隔熱材料的關聯 10
2.2.2 廢棄物應用於隔熱材料 13
2.2.3 水產養殖業廢棄物用於隔熱塗料 14
2.2.4 農業廢棄物製作成混凝土用於建築行業 15
2.2.5 使用農業廢棄物作為新的建築物隔熱材料 16
2.2.6 各式農業廢棄物作為混凝土中的替代骨料 17
2.3 使用廢棄物製作隔熱材料之製造方法 22
2.4 氫氧基磷灰石 25
2.4.1 天然氫氧基磷灰石 27
2.4.2 氫氧基磷灰石的性質 28
2.4.3 磷酸鈣 30
2.4.4 天然HAp的海洋資源 35
2.4.5 生物廢棄殼作為天然HAp來源 39
2.4.6萃取HAp的最佳處理參數 44
2.4.7 蛋殼廢物使用球磨製備HAp的方法 47
第三章 實驗材料與方法 52
3.1 實驗材料 52
3.2 實驗藥品 59
3.3 實驗設備 61
3.3.1 高溫灰化爐 61
3.3.2 日照模擬平台 61
3.3.3 溫度擷取系統 62
3.3.4 光強度計 63
3.3.5 數位式千分測厚規 64
3.3.6 FE-SEM 熱場發射掃描電子顯微鏡 64
3.3.7 傅立葉紅外線光譜儀(FT-IR) 65
3.3.8 X光繞射結構分析儀(XRD) 66
3.3.9 紫外-可見-近紅外分光光譜儀 68
3.3.10 行星式球磨機 69
3.4實驗方法 70
3.4.1選定測試用錏平板種類 70
3.4.2 模擬陽光照射選出有潛力成為隔熱素材之廢棄物 71
3.4.3 模擬陽光照射不同百分比有潛力隔熱素材之廢棄物 71
3.4.4 模擬陽光照射不同層數有潛力隔熱素材之廢棄物 72
3.4.5 模擬陽光照射市售油漆混合有潛力隔熱素材之廢棄物 74
3.4.6 FE-SEM 熱場發射掃描電子顯微鏡實驗過程 76
3.4.7 X光繞射結構分析之成分分析(XRD) 77
3.4.8 反射率分析 79
3.5 合成氫氧基磷灰石 79
3.5.1 DSHAP方法合成HAp 80
3.5.2 WMSHAP方法合成HAp 80
3.5.3 BHHAP方法合成HAp 80
4.1 隔熱效果測試 82
4.2 各種類錏平板背景值試驗 83
4.2.1 錏平板長時間照射的溫度變化 83
4.2.2 熱電偶誤差測試 84
4.2.3錏平板於不同溫度下的溫差變化 85
4.2.4 雙霧面、雙亮面及霧亮面錏平板導熱測試 88
4.2.5 雙霧面及雙亮面錏平板塗布白漆導熱測試 90
4.2.6 雙霧面錏平板塗布樹脂導熱測試 92
4.3 模擬陽光照射有潛力成為隔熱素材之廢棄物 93
4.3.1 不同溫度煅燒的淺色系樣品隔熱效果試驗 94
4.3.2 不同煅燒溫度的暗色系樣品隔熱效果試驗 97
4.4 模擬陽光照射不同百分比有潛力成為隔熱素材之廢棄物 110
4.5模擬陽光照射不同層數有潛力成為隔熱素材之廢棄物 114
4.6模擬陽光照射市售油漆混合有潛力隔熱素材之廢棄物 120
4.7 FE-SEM 場發射掃描式電子顯微鏡分析 122
4.8 XRD晶體結構分析 133
4.9 農工業廢棄物煅燒改質粉末之反射率 141
4.9.1 市售防曬產品之填充料反射率測定 141
4.9.2農工業廢棄物煅燒改質粉末之反射率測定 144
4.10農工業廢棄物合成之HAp FTIR官能基分析 155
4.11農工業廢棄物合成之HAp XRD晶體結構分析 161
4.11.1 不同溫度煅燒蝸牛殼使用不同合成方法合成HAp之 X射線繞射光譜 161
4.11.2 不同溫度煅燒牡蠣殼使用不同合成方法合成HAp之X射線繞射光譜 167
4.11.3 不同溫度煅燒蛋殼使用不同合成方法合成HAp之X射線繞射光譜 171
4.11.4 不同溫度煅燒蛤蜊殼使用不同合成方法合成HAp之X射線繞射光譜 176
4.12農工業廢棄物合成之HAp 的SEM表面結構分析 181
4.12.1 使用DSHAP方法合成HAp之SEM型態分析 181
4.12.2 使用BHHAP方法合成HAp之SEM型態分析 187
4.13農工業廢棄物合成之HAp 反射率測定 192
第五章 結論 206
5.1結論 206
參考文獻 218

圖目錄
Figure 1-1. 研究架構 4
Figure 2-2. 至2016年每年生物隔熱相關領域研究論文數量 8
Figure 2-3. 與生物隔熱相關研究文獻 10
Figure 2-4. 各類工業廢棄物百分比 16
Figure 2-5. 花生殼破碎 19
Figure 2-6. 鋸木屑 20
Figure 2-7. 巨型蘆葦及其灰渣 21
Figure 2-8. 稻殼和其灰渣 22
Figure 2-9. 各類生物隔熱材料研究論文統計 24
Figure 2-10. 天然HAp合成方法總結 28
Figure 2-11. 從生物廢棄殼萃取的HAp之SEM圖 43
Figure 2-12. 球磨用於蛋殼廢棄物的文章數量 48
Figure 2-13. 蛋殼內部構造示意圖 49
Figure 2-14. 機械化學的各種應用 50
Figure 3-15. 各種廢棄物原料 53
Figure 3-16. 不同溫度煅燒蝸牛殼粉 53
Figure 3-17. 不同溫度煅燒牡蠣殼粉 54
Figure 3-18. 不同溫度煅燒珪藻土 54
Figure 3-19. 不同溫度煅燒蛋殼粉 55
Figure 3-20. 不同溫度煅燒玻璃粉 55
Figure 3-21. 不同溫度煅燒碳黑 56
Figure 3-22. 不同溫度煅燒咖啡渣 56
Figure 3-23. 不同溫度煅燒沉香子外殼 57
Figure 3-24. 不同溫度煅燒可哥豆夾 57
Figure 3-25. 虹牌白色調合漆及龍牌水性水泥漆 58
Figure 3-26. 日本GAINA隔熱塗料 58
Figure 3-27. 貓王B1-222白色抗熱防水膠 59
Figure 3-28. 虹牌0440200W隔熱防水漆 59
Figure 3-29. 高溫灰化爐 61
Figure 3-30. 日照模擬平台 62
Figure 3-31. 溫度擷取裝置及熱電偶式溫度計 63
Figure 3-32. 光強度計 63
Figure 3-33. 數位式千分測厚規 64
Figure 3-34. FE-SEM 熱場發射掃描電子顯微鏡外觀 65
Figure 3-35. 本實驗採用之日本島津FTIR-8400S 66
Figure 3-36. 高解析X光繞射儀 68
Figure 3-37. UV-2600分光光度計 68
Figure 3-38. FRITSCH PULVERISETTE 6 行星式球磨機 69
Figure 3-39. 實驗所使用之錏平板 70
Figure 3-40. 雙亮面錏平板塗布不同層數市售隔熱漆 73
Figure 3-41. 市售油漆混合1200℃煅燒蝸牛殼粉 74
Figure 3-42. 市售油漆混合未煅燒珪藻土 75
Figure 3-43. 市售油漆混合未煅燒蛋殼粉 75
Figure 3-44. 市售油漆混合1200℃煅燒蛋殼粉 76
Figure 3-45. SEM拍攝過程之局部照片 77
Figure 3-46. 檢測分析流程 78
Figure 4-1. 錏平板長時間照射的溫度變化 84
Figure 4-2. 錏平板長時間照射的溫度平均偏差 85
Figure 4-3. 錏平板於40℃的導熱測試 86
Figure 4-4. 錏平板於50℃的導熱測試 87
Figure 4-5. 錏平板於60℃的導熱測試 87
Figure 4-6. 雙霧面及雙亮面錏平板導熱測試 89
Figure 4-7. 霧亮面錏平板導熱測試 89
Figure 4-8. 雙霧面錏平板塗布白漆導熱測試 91
Figure 4-1. 錏平板長時間照射的溫度變化 84
Figure 4-2. 錏平板長時間照射的溫度平均偏差 85
Figure 4-3. 錏平板於40℃的導熱測試 86
Figure 4-4. 錏平板於50℃的導熱測試 87
Figure 4-5. 錏平板於60℃的導熱測試 87
Figure 4-6. 雙霧面及雙亮面錏平板導熱測試 89
Figure 4-7. 霧亮面錏平板導熱測試 89
Figure 4-8. 雙霧面錏平板塗布白漆導熱測試 91
Figure 4-9. 雙亮面錏平板塗布白漆導熱測試 91
Figure 4-10. 雙霧面錏平板塗布樹脂導熱測試 92
Figure 4-11. 日本隔熱漆隔熱效果測試 99
Figure 4-12. 錏平板塗布不同溫度煅燒之蝸牛殼粉前後隔熱效果 100
Figure 4-13. 錏平板塗布不同溫度煅燒之牡蠣殼粉隔熱效果測試 101
Figure 4-14. 錏平板塗布不同溫度煅燒之蛋殼粉隔熱效果測試 102
Figure 4-15. 錏平板塗布不同溫度煅燒之咖啡渣隔熱效果測試 103
Figure 4-16. 錏平板塗布不同溫度煅燒之沉香子外殼隔熱效果測試 104
Figure 4-17. 錏平板塗布不同溫度煅燒之可可豆夾隔熱效果測試 105
Figure 4-18. 錏平板塗布不同溫度煅燒之珪藻土前後隔熱效果測試 106
Figure 4-19. 錏平板塗布不同溫度煅燒之玻璃粉隔熱效果測試 107
Figure 4-20. 錏平板塗布不同溫度煅燒之碳黑隔熱效果測試 108
Figure 4-21. 錏平板塗布不同樣品前後屋外隔熱溫差比較 109
Figure 4-22. 錏平板塗布不同樣品前後屋內隔熱溫差比較 109
Figure 4-23. 雙霧面錏平板塗布不同百分比不同煅燒溫度蝸牛殼粉隔熱效果測試 111
Figure 4-24. 雙霧面錏平板塗布不同百分比1200℃煅燒牡蠣殼粉隔熱效果測試 112
Figure 4-25. 雙霧面錏平板塗布不同百分比不同煅燒溫度珪藻土隔熱效果測試 112
Figure 4-26. 雙霧面錏平板塗布不同百分比不同煅燒溫度蛋殼粉隔熱效果測試 113
Figure 4-27. 使用過雙霧面錏平板 113
Figure 4-28. 雙霧面錏平板使用前後塗布1200℃煅燒蛋殼粉隔熱效果測試 114
Figure 4-29. 雙亮面錏平板塗布不同層數(厚度)樣品隔熱效果測試(均溫) 117
Figure 4-30. 雙亮面錏平板塗布不同層數(厚度)樣品隔熱效果測試(溫差) 118
Figure 4-31. 熱能與隔熱層隔熱機制示意 119
Figure 4-32. 隔熱塗料隔熱機制示意 119
Figure 4-33. 隔熱材料與市售由漆混合隔熱效果 121
Figure 4-34. 隔熱材料與調合漆混合之凝結現象 121
Figure 4-35. 不同溫度煅燒蝸牛殼粉之SEM影像 124
Figure 4-36. 不同溫度煅燒牡蠣殼粉之SEM影像 125
Figure 4-9. 雙亮面錏平板塗布白漆導熱測試 91
Figure 4-10. 雙霧面錏平板塗布樹脂導熱測試 92
Figure 4-11. 日本隔熱漆隔熱效果測試 99
Figure 4-12. 錏平板塗布不同溫度煅燒之蝸牛殼粉前後隔熱效果 100
Figure 4-13. 錏平板塗布不同溫度煅燒之牡蠣殼粉隔熱效果測試 101
Figure 4-14. 錏平板塗布不同溫度煅燒之蛋殼粉隔熱效果測試 102
Figure 4-15. 錏平板塗布不同溫度煅燒之咖啡渣隔熱效果測試 103
Figure 4-16. 錏平板塗布不同溫度煅燒之沉香子外殼隔熱效果測試 104
Figure 4-17. 錏平板塗布不同溫度煅燒之可可豆夾隔熱效果測試 105
Figure 4-18. 錏平板塗布不同溫度煅燒之珪藻土前後隔熱效果測試 106
Figure 4-19. 錏平板塗布不同溫度煅燒之玻璃粉隔熱效果測試 107
Figure 4-1. 錏平板長時間照射的溫度變化 84
Figure 4-2. 錏平板長時間照射的溫度平均偏差 85
Figure 4-3. 錏平板於40℃的導熱測試 86
Figure 4-4. 錏平板於50℃的導熱測試 87
Figure 4-5. 錏平板於60℃的導熱測試 87
Figure 4-6. 雙霧面及雙亮面錏平板導熱測試 89
Figure 4-7. 霧亮面錏平板導熱測試 89
Figure 4-8. 雙霧面錏平板塗布白漆導熱測試 91
Figure 4-9. 雙亮面錏平板塗布白漆導熱測試 91
Figure 4-10. 雙霧面錏平板塗布樹脂導熱測試 92
Figure 4-11. 日本隔熱漆隔熱效果測試 99
Figure 4-12. 錏平板塗布不同溫度煅燒之蝸牛殼粉前後隔熱效果 100
Figure 4-13. 錏平板塗布不同溫度煅燒之牡蠣殼粉隔熱效果測試 101
Figure 4-14. 錏平板塗布不同溫度煅燒之蛋殼粉隔熱效果測試 102
Figure 4-15. 錏平板塗布不同溫度煅燒之咖啡渣隔熱效果測試 103
Figure 4-16. 錏平板塗布不同溫度煅燒之沉香子外殼隔熱效果測試 104
Figure 4-17. 錏平板塗布不同溫度煅燒之可可豆夾隔熱效果測試 105
Figure 4-18. 錏平板塗布不同溫度煅燒之珪藻土前後隔熱效果測試 106
Figure 4-19. 錏平板塗布不同溫度煅燒之玻璃粉隔熱效果測試 107
Figure 4-20. 錏平板塗布不同溫度煅燒之碳黑隔熱效果測試 108
Figure 4-21. 錏平板塗布不同樣品前後屋外隔熱溫差比較 109
Figure 4-22. 錏平板塗布不同樣品前後屋內隔熱溫差比較 109
Figure 4-23. 雙霧面錏平板塗布不同百分比不同煅燒溫度蝸牛殼粉隔熱效果測試 111
Figure 4-24. 雙霧面錏平板塗布不同百分比1200℃煅燒牡蠣殼粉隔熱效果測試 112
Figure 4-25. 雙霧面錏平板塗布不同百分比不同煅燒溫度珪藻土隔熱效果測試 112
Figure 4-26. 雙霧面錏平板塗布不同百分比不同煅燒溫度蛋殼粉隔熱效果測試 113
Figure 4-27. 使用過雙霧面錏平板 113
Figure 4-28. 雙霧面錏平板使用前後塗布1200℃煅燒蛋殼粉隔熱效果測試 114
Figure 4-29. 雙亮面錏平板塗布不同層數(厚度)樣品隔熱效果測試(均溫) 117
Figure 4-30. 雙亮面錏平板塗布不同層數(厚度)樣品隔熱效果測試(溫差) 118
Figure 4-31. 熱能與隔熱層隔熱機制示意 119
Figure 4-32. 隔熱塗料隔熱機制示意 119
Figure 4-33. 隔熱材料與市售由漆混合隔熱效果 121
Figure 4-34. 隔熱材料與調合漆混合之凝結現象 121
Figure 4-35. 不同溫度煅燒蝸牛殼粉之SEM影像 124
Figure 4-36. 不同溫度煅燒牡蠣殼粉之SEM影像 125
Figure 4-37. 不同溫度煅燒珪藻土之SEM影像 126
Figure 4-38. 不同溫度煅燒蛋殼粉之SEM影像 127
Figure 4-39. 不同溫度煅燒玻璃粉之SEM影像 128
Figure 4-40. 不同溫度煅燒咖啡渣之SEM影像 129
Figure 4-41. 不同溫度煅燒沉香子外殼之SEM影像 130
Figure 4-42. 不同溫度煅燒可哥豆夾之SEM影像 131
Figure 4-43. 不同溫度煅燒碳黑之SEM影像 132
Figure 4-44. 未煅燒蝸牛殼之X射線衍射光譜 135
Figure 4-45. 600℃煅燒蝸牛殼之X射線衍射光譜 135
Figure 4-46. 1200℃煅燒蝸牛殼之X射線衍射光譜 136
Figure 4-47. 未煅燒牡蠣殼之X射線衍射光譜 136
Figure 4-48. 600℃煅燒牡蠣殼之X射線衍射光譜 137
Figure 4-49. 1200℃煅燒牡蠣殼之X射線衍射光譜 137
Figure 4-50. 未煅燒蛋殼之X射線衍射光譜 138
Figure 4-51. 600℃煅燒蛋殼之X射線衍射光譜 138
Figure 4-52. 1200℃煅燒蛋殼之X射線衍射光譜 139
Figure 4-53. 未煅燒珪藻土之X射線衍射光譜 139
Figure 4-54. 600℃煅燒珪藻土之X射線衍射光譜 140
Figure 4-55. 1200℃煅燒珪藻土之X射線衍射光譜 140
Figure 4-56. 不同市售防曬材料反射率測定 143
Figure 4-57. 不同市售美妝防曬材料反射率測定 144
Figure 4-58. 不同溫度處理蝸牛殼粉反射率測定 150
Figure 4-59. 不同溫度處理牡蠣殼粉反射率測定 151
Figure 4-60. 不同溫度處理珪藻土反射率測定 151
Figure 4-61. 不同溫度處理蛋殼粉反射率測定 152
Figure 4-62. 不同溫度處理玻璃粉反射率測定 152
Figure 4-63. 不同溫度處理碳黑反射率測定 153
Figure 4-64. 不同溫度處理咖啡渣反射率測定 153
Figure 4-65. 不同溫度處理沉香子外殼反射率測定 154
Figure 4-66. 不同溫度處理可哥豆夾反射率測定 154
Figure 4-67. 不同溫度煅燒蝸牛殼粉使用不同合成方法合成HAp顆粒之FTIR吸收光譜 157
Figure 4-68. 不同溫度煅燒牡蠣殼粉使用不同合成方法合成HAp顆粒之FTIR吸收光譜 158
Figure 4-69. 不同溫度煅燒蛋殼粉使用不同合成方法合成HAp顆粒之FTIR吸收光譜 159
Figure 4-70. 不同溫度煅燒蛤蜊殼粉使用不同合成方法合成HAp顆粒之FTIR吸收光譜 160
Figure 4-71. 未煅燒蝸牛殼粉使用不同方法合成HAp之X射線繞射光譜 165
Figure 4-72. 600℃煅燒蝸牛殼粉使用不同方法方法合成HAp之X射線繞射光譜 166
Figure 4-73. 1200℃煅燒蝸牛殼粉使用不同方法合成HAp之X射線繞射光譜 166
Figure 4-74. 未煅燒牡蠣殼粉使用不同方法合成HAp之X射線繞射光譜 170
Figure 4-75. 600℃煅燒牡蠣殼粉使用不同方法合成HAp之X射線繞射光譜 170
Figure 4-76. 1200℃煅燒牡蠣殼粉使用不同方法合成HAp之X射線繞射光譜 171
Figure 4-77. 未煅燒蛋殼粉使用不同方法合成HAp之X射線繞射光譜 175
Figure 4-78. 600℃煅燒蛋殼粉使用DSHAP方法合成HAp之X射線繞射光譜 175
Figure 4-79. 1200℃煅燒蛋殼粉使用DSHAP方法合成HAp之X射線繞射光譜 176
Figure 4-80. 未煅燒蛤蜊殼粉使用不同方法合成HAp之X射線繞射光譜 180
Figure 4-81. 600℃煅燒蛤蜊殼粉使用不同方法合成HAp之X射線繞射光譜 180
Figure 4-82. 1200℃煅燒蛤蜊殼粉使用不同方法合成HAp之X射線繞射光譜 181
Figure 4-83. 不同溫度煅燒蝸牛殼粉使用DSHAP方法合成Hap之SEM圖 183
Figure 4-84. 不同溫度煅燒牡犡殼粉使用DSHAP方法合成Hap之SEM圖 184
Figure 4-85. 不同溫度煅燒蛋殼粉使用DSHAP方法合成Hap之SEM圖 185
Figure 4-86. 不同溫度煅燒蛤蜊殼粉使用DSHAP方法合成Hap之SEM圖 186
Figure 4-87. 不同溫度煅燒蝸牛殼粉使用BHHAP方法合成Hap之SEM圖 188
Figure 4-88. 不同溫度煅燒牡犡殼粉使用BHHAP方法合成Hap之SEM圖 189
Figure 4-89. 不同溫度煅燒蛋殼粉使用BHHAP方法合成Hap之SEM圖 190
Figure 4-90. 不同溫度煅燒蛤蜊殼粉使用BHHAPP方法合成Hap之SEM圖 191
Figure 4-91. 未煅燒蝸牛殼粉生產之氫氧基磷灰石反射率測定 199
Figure 4-92. 600℃煅燒蝸牛殼粉生產之氫氧基磷灰石反射率測定 200
Figure 4-93. 1200℃煅燒蝸牛殼粉生產之氫氧基磷灰石反射率測定 200
Figure 4-94. 未煅燒牡蠣殼粉生產之氫氧基磷灰石反射率測定 201
Figure 4-95. 600℃煅燒牡蠣殼粉生產之氫氧基磷灰石反射率測定 201
Figure 4-96. 1200℃煅燒牡蠣殼粉生產之氫氧基磷灰石反射率測定 202
Figure 4-97. 未煅燒蛋殼粉生產之氫氧基磷灰石反射率測定 202
Figure 4-98. 600℃煅燒蛋殼粉生產之氫氧基磷灰石反射率測定 203
Figure 4-99. 1200℃煅燒蛋殼粉生產之氫氧基磷灰石反射率測定 203
Figure 4-100. 未煅燒蛤蜊殼粉生產之氫氧基磷灰石反射率測定 204
Figure 4-101. 600℃煅燒蛤蜊殼粉生產之氫氧基磷灰石反射率測定 204
Figure 4-102. 1200℃煅燒蛤蜊殼粉生產之氫氧基磷灰石反射率測定 205

表目錄
Table 2‑1從不同天然來源萃取的HAp特性 30
Table 2‑2 從海洋來源萃取HAp的方法 38
Table 2‑3 從水生或海洋來源使用不同方法萃取的HAp的性質 38
Table 2‑4從廢棄生物殼萃取HAp的方法 43
Table 2‑5用於萃取純HAp的煅燒溫度 45
Table 2‑6用於萃取純HAp的氫氧化鈉濃度 46
Table 2‑7用於萃取HAp的組合方法 46
Table 2‑8 利用蛋殼和球磨合成HAp的基本實驗條件 51
Table 4‑1 不同市售防曬產品之填充料反射率 142
Table 4‑2 不同市售美妝防曬材料反射率測定 143
Table 4‑3 不同溫度煅燒蝸牛殼粉之反射率 146
Table 4‑4 不同溫度煅燒牡蠣殼粉之反射率 146
Table 4‑5 不同溫度煅燒珪藻土之反射率 147
Table 4‑6 不同溫度煅燒蛋殼粉之反射率 147
Table 4‑7 不同溫度煅燒玻璃粉之反射率 148
Table 4‑8 不同溫度煅燒碳黑之反射率 148
Table 4‑9 不同溫度煅燒咖啡渣之反射率 149
Table 4‑10 不同溫度煅燒沉香子外殼之反射率 149
Table 4‑11 不同溫度煅燒可哥豆夾之反射率 150
Table 4‑12 未煅燒蝸牛殼使用不同方法合成HAp反射率 193
Table 4‑13 600℃煅燒蝸牛殼使用不同方法合成HAp反射率 194
Table 4‑14 1200℃煅燒蝸牛殼使用不同方法合成HAp反射率 194
Table 4‑15 未煅燒牡蠣殼使用不同方法合成HAp反射率 195
Table 4‑16 600℃煅燒牡蠣殼使用不同方法合成HAp反射率 195
Table 4‑17 1200℃煅燒牡蠣殼使用不同方法合成HAp反射率 196
Table 4‑18 未煅燒蛋殼使用不同方法合成HAp反射率 196
Table 4‑19 600℃煅燒蛋殼使用不同方法合成HAp反射率 197
Table 4‑20 1200℃煅燒蛋殼使用不同方法合成HAp反射率 197
Table 4‑21 未煅燒蛤蜊殼使用不同方法合成HAp反射率 198
Table 4‑22 600℃煅燒蛤蜊殼使用不同方法合成HAp反射率 198
Table 4‑23 1200℃煅燒蛤蜊殼使用不同方法合成HAp反射率 199

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