臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文提出一高精準度之溫度感測器，藉由兩組不同的電壓，分別偏壓於與溫度無關之臨界點以上或以下時，可有效補償因溫度造成之電子遷移率及臨界電壓之非線性影響，使得輸出能產生一高線性度、高驅動能力之電流式溫度感測器。此外，利用窗形比較器將電流轉成頻率寬度，並透過一差動校正技術將比較器傳遞延遲時間造成之輸出誤差作補償，使得溫度所對應之頻率寬度準確度有效的提升。最後透過一交錯式時間數位轉換器將頻率寬度轉成數位碼輸出，藉由控制兩組相同之時間數位轉換器啟動或重置，除了能準確計數大寬度之脈波外，還能切割細微的變化量，並減少其量測上之成本。根據模擬結果，在溫度範圍-20℃~100℃中，可取出的溫度解析度為0.1℃，其最大誤差之範圍介於±0.4℃。

This work presents a current mode linear temperature sensor through summing two temperature-dependent current sources driven in particular region with complementary temperature dependency. The nonlinear effects induced by carrier mobility and threshold voltage are therefore cancelled, indeed, not only improves linearity but also enhances driving capability. In addition, a window comparator is adopted to convert current quantity into representation of pulse width. To increase the conversion accuracy, we develop a differential calibration to reduce the unideal effect of comparator. The interlaced time-digital-converter which consists of two sub-converters with coarse and fine scale respectively is then used to quantify the converted representation of pulse width. By controlling sub-converters on and off alternately, the wide pulse width can be calculated effectively and the narrow pulse width can be precisely acquired as well. Under the temperature range from -20℃ to 100℃, the temperature resolution is 0.1℃ and the maximum error is within±0.4℃.

中文摘要 …………………………………………………………… i
英文摘要 …………………………………………………………… ii
誌謝 …………………………………………………………… iii
目錄 …………………………………………………………… iv
表目錄 …………………………………………………………… v
圖目錄 …………………………………………………………… vi

第一章 緒論……………………………………………………………… 1
1.1 研究背景……………………………………………………… 1
1.2 研究動機……………………………………………………… 2
1.3 相關研究……………………………………………………… 4
1.4 論文架構……………………………………………………… 6

第二章 溫度感測器之基本介紹……………………………………… 7
2.1 電壓式溫度感測器…………………………………………… 7
2.2 電流式溫度感測器…………………………………………… 8
2.3 設計溫度感測器之具備條件…………………………………10

第三章 高精準度之溫度感測器架構說明……………………………11
3.1 電流式溫度感測器之實現方式………………………………12
3.2 窗型比較器及差動校正技術…………………………………15
3.3 交換式時間數位轉換器之實現方式…………………………22
3.4 數位碼與溫度之關係式……………………………………… 30

第四章 模擬結果與比較……………………………………………… 31
第五章 結論…………………………………………………………………… 40
參考文獻 …………………………………………………………………………… 42

[1].M.A.P. Pertijs, K.A.A. Makinwa, J.H. Huijsing, “A CMOS Smart Temperature Sensor With a 3σ inaccuracy of ±0.1°C from - 55°C to 125°C,” IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol.40, no.12, pp.2805-2815, Dec. 2005.
[2].N. Arora, MOSFET Models for VLSI Circuit Simulation. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1993.
[3].V.Szekely, C.Marta, Z. Kohari, M.Rencz,“CMOS sensors for on-line thermal monitoring of VLSI circuits, ”IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration Systems, vol.5, no.3, pp.270-276, Sep. 1997.
[4].Daniel P. Foty, MOSFET Modeling with SPICE - Principles and Practice, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 1997.
[5].Chun Wei Lin, Sheng Feng Lin, “A linear CMOS temperature sensor with an inaccuracy of ±0.15℃,”ICICE Electronics Express,Vol.9,No.20,1556-1561.
[6].A. Bakker, J. Huijsing, High-accuracy CMOS Smart Temperature Sensors, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000.
[7].Poki Chen, Chun-Chi Chen, Chin-Chung Tsai, Wen-Fu Lu, “A Time-to-Digital-Converter-Based CMOS Smart Temperature Sensor,” IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol.40, no.8, pp.1642-1648, Aug. 2005.
[8].M. Sasaki, M. Ikeda, K. Asada, “A Temperature Sensor with an Inaccuracy of -1/+0.8°C Using 90-nm 1-V CMOS for Online Thermal Monitoring of VLSI Circuits,” IEEE Transaction on Semiconductor Manufacturing, vol.21, no.2, pp.201-208, May 2008.
[9].P. Ituero, J.L. Ayala, M. Lopez-Vallejo, “A Nanowatt Smart Temperature Sensor for Dynamic Thermal Management,” IEEE Sensors Journal, vol.8, no.12, pp.2036-2043, Dec. 2008.
[10].Wonsuk Hwang, Seoungjae Yoo, Hyungjong Ko, Byeongha Park, “An Area Efficient Temperature Sensor with Software Calibration for Mobile Application,” Proc. International SoC Design Conference, pp. 349-352, Nov. 2010.
[11].L. Luh, J. Choma, J. Draper, H. Chiueh, “A High-Speed CMOS On-Chip Temperature Sensor” Proc. European Solid-State Circuits Conference, pp. 290-293, Sep. 1999.
[12].M.A.P. Pertijs, A. Niedekorn, Xu Ma, B. Mckillop, A. Bakker, J.H. Huijsing, “A CMOS Smart Temperature Sensor With a 3σ Inaccuracy of ±0.5 C From -50°C to 120°C,” IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol.40, no.2 pp.454-461, Feb. 2005.
[13].A. L. Aita, M. A. P. Pertijs, K. A. A. Makinwa, and J. H. Huijsing, “A CMOS smart temperature sensor with a batch-calibrated inaccuracy of ±0.25°C (3σ) from −70°C to 130°C,” Proc. IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference – Digest of Technical Papers, pp. 342-343, Feb. 2009.
[14].Nguyen Thanh Trung, Kwansu Shon, Soo-Won Kim, “A Delay Line with Highly Linear Thermal Sensitivity for Smart Temperature Sensor,” Proc. Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems, pp.899-902, Aug. 2007.
[15].M.K. Law, A. Bermak, “A Time Domain differential CMOS Temperature Sensor with Reduced Supply Sensitivity,” Proc. IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, pp. 2126-2129, May 2008.
[16].Poki Chen, Chun-Chi Chen, Yu-Han Peng, Kai-Ming Wang, Yu-Shin Wang, “A Time-Domain SAR Smart Temperature Sensor With Curvature Compensation and a 3σ Inaccuracy of -0.4°C ~ +0.6°C Over a 0°C to 90°C Range,” IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol.45, no.3, pp.600-609, March. 2010.
[17].K. Ueno, T. Hirose, T. Asai, Y. Amemiya, “Ultralow-Power Smart Temperature Sensor with Subthreshold CMOS Circuits,” Proc. International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communications, pp. 546-549, Dec. 2006.
[18].Zhou Shenghua, Wu Nanjian, “A Novel Ultra Low Power Temperature Sensor for UHF RFID Tag Chip,” Proc. IEEE Asian Solid-State Circuits Conference, pp. 464-467, Nev. 2007.
[19].M. Sasaki, M. Ikeda, K. Asada, “A Temperature Sensor with an Inaccuracy of -1/+0.8°C Using 90-nm 1-V CMOS for Online Thermal Monitoring of VLSI Circuits,” IEEE Transaction on Semiconductor Manufacturing, vol.21, no.2, pp.201-208, May 2008.
[20].Jun He, Chen Zhao, Sheng-Huang Lee, K. Peterson, R. Geiger, Degang Chen, “Highly linear very compact untrimmed on-chip temperature sensor with second and third order temperature compensation,” Proc. IEEE International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems, pp.288-291, Aug. 2010.
[21].Qikai Chen, M. Meterelliyoz, K. Roy, “A CMOS thermal sensor and its applications in temperature adaptive design,” Proc. International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design, pp.243-248, March 2006.
[22].Yi Ren, Chenxu Wang, Hong Hong, “An All CMOS Temperature Sensor for Thermal Monitoring of VLSI Circuits,” Proc. IEEE Circuit and System International Conference on Testing and Diagnosis, pp. 1-5, April 2009.
[23].Yukihiro Kuroda, Akira Hyogo, Keitaro Sekine, “A Current-to-Frequency Converter for Switched-Current Circuits,” Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, vol.20, no.2, pp.145-148, Aug. 1999.
[24].B. Calvo, N. Medrano, S. Celma, M.T. Sanz, “A Low-Power High-Sensitivity CMOS Voltage-to-Frequency Converter,” Proc. IEEE International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems, pp. 118-121, Aug. 2009.
[25].C. Azcona, B. Calvo, N. Medrano, S. Celma, F. Aznar, “A CMOS Voltage-to-Frequency Converter with Output Frequency Range Programmability,” Proc. IEEE International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems, pp. 300-303, Aug. 2010.
[26].A. Julsereewong, “Simple Square-Rooting Voltage-to-Frequency Converter,” Proc. IEEE International Conference on Electron Devices and Solid-State Circuits, pp. 1-4, Dec. 2008.
[27].B. Calvo, N. Medrano, S. Celma, “A Full-Scale CMOS Voltage-to-Frequency Converter for WSN Signal Conditioning,” Proc. IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, pp. 3088-3091, May. 2010.
[28].P. Ituero, J.L. Ayala, M. Lopez-Vallejo, “A Nanowatt Smart Temperature Sensor for Dynamic Thermal Management,” IEEE Sensors Journal, vol.8, no.12, pp.2036-2043, Dec. 2008.
[29].Kyoungho Woo, S. Meninger, T. Xanthopoulos, E. Crain, Dongwan Ha; Donhee Ham, “Dual-DLL-based CMOS all-digital temperature sensor for microprocessor thermal monitoring,” Proc. IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference – Digest of Technical Papers, pp.68-69, Feb. 2009.
[30].Wonsuk Hwang, Seoungjae Yoo, Hyungjong Ko, Byeongha Park, “An Area Efficient Temperature Sensor with Software Calibration for Mobile Application,” Proc. International SoC Design Conference, pp. 349-352, Nov. 2010.