臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

天然的纖維素是自然界廣泛的存在而且可再生的有機物質，在建築材料、塗料、合成樹脂等方面被廣泛的應用，而羥丙基纖維素(hydroxypropyl cellulose)對於水以及有機溶劑會形成穩定的氫鍵結構，而當溫度提高時其分子間的氫鍵會被破壞，使得水合作用(hydration)降低，而產生相分離(phase separation)的情況。
在此研究中，我們準備磷酸水溶液(Phosphoric acid)當成溶劑用來溶解羥丙基纖維素(HPC)。羥丙基纖維素擁有液晶相的特性，依他的機制為液向型(lyotropic)液晶而液向型液晶表現方式是由濃度控制，依分子的排列方式屬於膽固醇(cholesteric)液晶，由於羥丙基纖維素的結構會加熱而產生構型轉變，並由低溫的異向性(anisotropic)加熱到特定溫度後面成同向性(isotropic)。
我們藉由具有升溫功能的光穿透度儀(photoelectric)來標定羥丙基纖維素/磷酸水溶液產生相分離的溫度，而具有液晶的濃度則加入偏光片(polarizer)來觀察液晶相消失的臨界溫度，然後做出羥丙基纖維素/磷酸水溶液的相圖與羥丙基纖維素/純水溶液的相圖做比較，在使用偏光顯微鏡(POM)與加熱板(Hot stage)來觀察各溫度範圍的情況與相圖做映證。由結果發當磷酸的濃度提高會使得相分離的溫度上升出現液晶相的臨界濃度(critical concentration)下降，而磷酸與水的比例超過50%的時後其性質會趨向磷酸溶液，不再出現相分離的情況。

The natural cellulose exists widely in nature and it is the renewable organism. Its various applications has been used on structure materials, synthetic resins etc. The hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) forms stable hydrogen bonding structure with water and organic solvent and when the temperature rise, the intermolecular hydrogen bonding is broken. It will cause the hydration rate decrease and induce the phase separation.
In this research, the phosphoric acid dissolves HPC as the solvent. The HPC has the lyotropic liquid crystal characteristic and can be control by concentration. The molecule ordering is cholesteric liquid crystal. By increasing the temperature from the lower temperature to the specific temperature, the HCP transfers from optic anisotropic into optic isotropic structure.
The photoelericspectrometer is capable to identify the phase separated temperature of HPC/phosphoric acid solution. The polarizer is added in to observe the critical temperature when the liquid crystal phase vanished. By using polarizing microscope and hot stage to observe the situation of each range of temperature, plot the phase diagram of HPC/phosphoric acid solution and compare with HPC/water solution. We discovered: the critical temperature of liquid crystal increase by increasing the concentration of phosphoric acid and the critical concentration of HPC decrease as well. When the rate of phosphoric acid and water over 50%, the solution become phosphoric acid-like and no longer generate phase separation.

目 錄

中文摘要…………………………………………………………………i
英文摘要.................................................ii
誌謝……………………………………………………………………iii
目錄……………………………………………………………………iv
表目錄…………………………………………………………………vi
圖目錄…………………………………………………………………vii
第一章 前言…………………………………………………………………………1
第二章 文獻回顧………………………………………………………2
2.1 羥丙基纖維素………………………………………………2
2.1.1纖維素的發展史…………………………………………………2
2.1.2羥丙基纖維素的性質……………………………………………4
2.1.3羥丙基纖維素的應用……………………………………………7
2.1.4纖維素及其衍生物的液晶………………………………………8
2.2 液晶…………………………………………………………9
2.2.1液晶的發展史………………………………………………9
2.2.2何謂液晶……………………………………………………10
2.2.3液晶的分類…………………………………………………11
2.2.4液晶的性質…………………………………………………18
2.2.5液晶的鍵定…………………………………………………20
第三章 實驗…………………………………………………………22
3.1 實驗藥品…………………………………………………………22
3.2 實驗儀器…………………………………………………………23
3.2.1 偏光顯微鏡………………………………………………23
3.2.2 SR5流變儀………………………………………………………23
3.2.2偏光式光穿透度儀………………………………………………25
3.3 實驗流程……………………………………………………26
3.4 實驗理論…………………………………………………………27
3.4.1流變學簡介…………………………………………………27
3.4.2溶膠凝膠轉換臨界濃度之測定……………………………29
第四章 結果與討論…………………………………………………31
4.1 羥丙基纖維素/去離子水溶液之探討……………………………31
4.1.1羥丙基纖維素/去離子水溶液相圖與液晶相探討………31
4.1.2羥丙基纖維素/去離子水溶液之流變性質………………35
4.2 羥丙基纖維素/10%磷酸水溶液之探討…………………………38
4.2.1羥丙基纖維素/10%磷酸水溶液相圖與液晶相探討………38
4.2.2羥丙基纖維素/10%磷酸水溶液之流變性質………………42
4.3 羥丙基纖維素/30%磷酸水溶液之探討…………………………45
4.3.1羥丙基纖維素/30%磷酸水溶液相圖與液晶相探討………45
4.3.2羥丙基纖維素/30%磷酸水溶液之流變性質………………50
4.4 羥丙基纖維素/50%磷酸水溶液之探討…………………………53
4.3.1羥丙基纖維素/50%磷酸水溶液相圖與液晶相探討………53
4.3.2羥丙基纖維素/50%磷酸水溶液之流變性質………………56
4.5 羥丙基纖維素/70%磷酸水溶液之探討…………………………59
4.5.1羥丙基纖維素/70%磷酸水溶液相圖與液晶相探討………59
4.5.2羥丙基纖維素/70%磷酸水溶液之流變性質………………62
4.6 羥丙基纖維素/85%磷酸水溶液之探討…………………………65
4.6.1羥丙基纖維素/85%磷酸水溶液相圖與液晶相探討………65
4.6.2羥丙基纖維素/85%磷酸水溶液之流變性質………………68
4.7 不同磷酸濃度比較表……………………………………………71
第五章 結論…………………………………………………………73
第六章 參考文獻……………………………………………………75

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