臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

台灣的半導體產業舉世聞名，尤以IC設計與晶圓代工等技術見長。其中，台灣的IC設計業為節省人力與廠房設備折舊成本，大都以委外生產代工模式營運，導致委外代工在成本、時程與品質的有效控管十分重要。由於IC產品種類繁多，不同產品在其不同製程可能給不同供應商代工；而各供應商的不同製程可能又各有其不同的產能、成本與品質。如何能綜觀全局，在滿足品質與產能保證下，以最小總成本管控各類產品最佳的訂單指派分配，是台灣IC設計業營運模式的重大決策挑戰。
本研究以驅動IC設計公司TCP/COF產品之委外工單訂單分配為研究主題，將複雜的供應鏈多產品訂單網路分配問題視為一個具額外限制條件之最小成本多元商品流量問題，我們提出一個整數線性規劃模型，讓生產排程人員能在滿足生產品質要求與產能上限下，以最小總成本將各產品之各階原物料及半成品訂單分配給最合適的供應商，如此可大幅減少目前業界生管人員僅憑經驗手動分配訂單所造成的成本損失與誤判，又可分散風險，使公司獲取更多利益。

This thesis seeks an optimal order allocation in a supply chain network for an IC design house at Taiwan. The supply chain network is composed by layers of single commodity networks, where each layer network represents possible manufacturing processes and connections between eligible companies for manufacturing a single product.The current practice usually results in an ineffective solution since it is based on negotiation between the procurement staff and production control staffwithout integrated information in the costs, qualities and capacities of manufacturers.

Here we treat the entire manufacturing supply chain network as a multicommodity network flow network. We formulate an integer linear program which involves flow balance constraints to receive and ship materials and products, individual or integrated quality requirement constraints for manufacturing, andmanufacturing lower bound and capacity constraints for eligible companies. An integer flow variable is associated with each arc to represent orders shipped between companies. This problem is NP-hard, and we solve it by a state-of-the-art optimization solver on a PC.

Our mathematical model is easy to use. We have tested it on real-world data obtained from an IC design house for LCD.We also conduct sensitivity analysis to see the impacts of changing the capacity, manufacturing cost, quality requirement, manufacturing lower bound for each order, and adding or removing a company in the supply chain network. We conclude that our mathematical model is very useful to the semiconductor industry.

第一章緒論 1
1.1研究背景與動機 1
1.2研究目的與重要性 4
1.3論文架構 5
第二章文獻探討 7
2.1 IC產業介紹 7
2.2委外策略 8
2.3訂單分配模式 9
2.4小結 12
第三章 IC設計訂單分配模型之建立 15
3.1 IC設計生產銷售流程 15
3.2訂單產品與委外分配架構 16
3.3問題描述與研究假設 20
3.4最小成本流量訂單分配模式建立 21
3.5公式說明 27
3.6小結 30
第四章數值測試分析與討論 31
4.1簡例驗證測試 31
4.1.1測試資料說明 31
4.1.2測試結果 33
4.2實例驗證測試 35
4.2.1測試資料說明 35
4.2.2測試結果 37
4.3敏感度分析 38
4.3.1供應商產能變動對總成本之影響 40
4.3.2供應商委外生產價格變動對總成本之影響 43
4.3.3品質限制分配比例變動對總成本之影響 46
4.3.4每產品需下單之供應商數量下限變動對總成本之影響 49
4.3.5供應商數量變動對總成本之影響 52
4.4小結 55
第五章結論與建議 57
5.1研究結論 57
5.2研究貢獻 58
5.3建議 59
參考文獻 61
附錄:敏感度分析資料 63

中文文獻

李超雄、黃劭彥、林琦珍、盧雁琳。2009。資訊科技能力、策略、供應鏈管理利益與企業經營績效之關聯性研究：以資源基礎理論觀點。臺灣企業績效學刊。第三巷第一期：1-24。
陳純德、范懿文、范錚強。2011。企業市場導向、關係投資及供應鏈流程整合能力對供應鏈管理績效影響之研究：資訊科技能力調節效果之探討。商略學報，第三巷第二期：81-99。

英文文獻

Ahuja, R.K., Magnanti, T.L.,＆ Orlin, J.B. 1993.Network Flows: Theory, Algorithms, and Applications. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.
Cen, Y.G., Cen, L.H., Chen, X.F. 2011.A Raw Material Purchasing Decision-making Model of Order Allocation with Multiple Suppliers and Its Optimization. The 1st International Conference on Information Science and Engineering.
Chen, Z.L. 2006. Order Assignment and Scheduling in a Supply Chain, Operations Research, 54: 555-572.
Dahel, N.E.2003.Vendor selection and order quality allocation in volume discount environments. Supply Chain Management, 8: 335-342.
Demirtas, E.A., Ustun, O. 2006.An integrated multiobjective decision making process for supplier selection and order allocation. The International Journal of Management Science, 36:76-90.
Fazlollahtabar, H., Mahdavi, I., Ashoori, M.T., Kaviani, S., ＆ Mahdavi-Amiri, N. 2009. “A multi-objective decision-making process of supplier selection and order allocation for multi-period scheduling in an electronic market. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 52: 1039-1052.
Hall, N.G., Liu, Z. 2010. Capacity Allocation and Scheduling in Supply Chains, Operations Research, 58: 1711-1725.
Kumar, M., Vrat, P., ＆ Shankar, R.2004.A fuzzy goal programming approach for vendor selection problem in a supply chain. Computers ＆ Industrial Engineering, 46: 69-85.
Liu, W., Ge, M., ＆ Liu, C. 2013, An Order Allocation Model based on the Competitive and Rational Pre-Estimate Behavior in Logistics Service Supply Chain. Research Journal of Applied Sciences, 6:2141-2152.
Mak, K.L., Cui, L.X. 2011. Optimal Multi-Period Supplier Selection and Order Allocation in a Multi-Product Supply Chain incorporating Customer Flexibility. Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering, vol. I.
Mafakheri, F., Breton, M., ＆ Ghoniem, A. 2011. Supplier selection-order allocation: A two stage multiple criteria dynamic programming approach. International Journal of Production Economics, 132:52-57.
Pan, W., Wang, X., Zhong, Y.G., ＆ Ran, L.2011. An integrated multi-objective decision model under considering stochastic demand, price breaks and disruption risk for order allocation in a multiple-supplier environment. Advanced Materials Research, 204:387-390.
Razmi, J., Rafiei, H. 2010.An integrated analytic network process with mixed-integer non-linear programming to supplier selection and order allocation. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 49:1195-1208.
Sanayei, A., Mousavi, S.F., Abdi, M.R., ＆ Mohaghar, A. 2008. An integrated group decision-making process for supplier selection and order allocation using multi-attribute utility theory and linear programming. Journal of the Franklin Institute, 345: 731-747.
Shahroudi, K., Rouydel, H., Assimi, S., ＆ Eyvazi, H. R. 2011.Supplier selection and order allocation a main factor in supply chain. International Conference on Advanced Management Science, 19: 148-153.
Timpe, C.H., Kallrath, J.2000, Optimal planning in large multi-site production network. European Journal of Operational Research, 126: 422-435.
Watson, K., Polito, T.2003. Comparison of DRP and TOC financial performance within a multi-production, multi-echelon physical distribution environment, International Journal of Production Research, 41: 741-765.
Xiang, W., Song, F.S., ＆ Ye, F.F. 2011. Simulation on Order Allocation within Multi-suppliers of Industrial Cluster. Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IE＆EM), 2011 IEEE 18Th International Conference,3: 1754-1758.
Xiang, W., Song, F.S., ＆ Ye, F.F. 2013. Order allocation for multiple supply-demand networks within a cluster. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, 25(6): 1367-1376.
Yang, F.C, Chen, K., Wang M.T., Chang, P.Y., ＆ Sun, K.C. 2010. Mathematical modeling of multi-plant order allocation problem and solving by genetic algorithm with matrix representation. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 51: 1251-1259.
Zarandi, F.M.H., Soroosh, S. 2003. A Comprehensive Fuzzy Multi-Objective Model for Supplier Selection Process, IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy System, 1: 368-373.