臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

　　軟體定義網路(Software Defined Network, SDN) 有別於以往傳統網路中，封包從來源傳輸到目的的過程中，封包的轉接行為是逐條獨立控制的分散式控制，軟體定義網路則是透過把實體設備及虛擬機中的控制層(Control Plane) 剝離出來，放置至一個統一的外部控制器(Controller)，由此控制器透過指令集中管理轉接路徑上的所有設備，控制器掌管網路中的所有必須資訊。網路中的中間件(Middlebox) 如：防火牆、解密器、負載平衡器…等，是功能性的硬體設備，在雲端及企業網路中是不可或缺的部份，但其價錢昂貴且難以維護。網路功能虛擬化(Network Function Virtualization, NFV) 推動網路功能虛擬化，將功能性硬體設備遷移到虛擬機上，旨在提高部屬靈活性，降低資本支出(Capital Expenditure, CAPEX)。
　　當服務要求抵達網路，可能需要遍歷一組有順序的功能服務，稱作服務功能鏈(Service Function Chain, SFC)，例如：需先通過防火牆，再通過加密器，最後通過解密器，若這些功能服務的順序交換，將影響整個服務要求的正確性。如何在網路中有效率的規劃服務功能鏈服務要求的路徑，是我們想解決的問題。最主要的挑戰是，維持服務功能鏈所要求功能順序以及考慮當下網路狀態。在維持服務功能鏈要求功能順序下，該分配給哪些虛擬機來完成服務，並且依照網路狀選擇較佳的轉發路徑，在期限內完成服務。
　　本論文中，我們提出一個可以解決上述兩項主要挑戰，並同時顧及演算法執行時間的方法，主要的精神是將網路拓樸以分層圖來表示，此分層圖會依照每一個新進服務功能鏈的條件，以及當下網路狀態做動態的變動，以原本的拓樸為基底，透過良好的分層設計，再利用Dijkstra最短路徑演算法來選擇最佳路徑，其最終目標為在執行時間最快的狀態下達到最高成功率。

　　Software-defined network(SDN) is shifting data communication in network toward more centralized control. The controller manages all necessary information and decides the transit path through commands. Middleboxes such as firewalls, decryptors, load balancers, etc., are functional hardware devices that are　indispensable in the cloud　and in corporate networks, but are expensive and difficult to maintain.

The availability of virtual machines enables dynamic placement of virtual network functions(VNFs) on demand, it can reduce a large number of manual configuration processes, introduce flexibility, and increase deployment efficiency. Service requirements may need more than one VNF. Instead, it may need to traverse a set of sequential functional services called Service Function Chain (SFC). For example: first through the firewall, then through the encryption device, and finally through the decryption device, if these functional services are unordered, it will affect　the correctness of the entire service requirements.

A key challenge is to efficiently route service function chains and place processing functions in a network under operational constraints. We must overcome two challenges: (1) determining a flow path that traverses suitable processing nodes in the correct order to meet the requirements of a given service chain, and (2) considering network load and other dynamic characteristics when routing through 　existing VNFs.

We present a method to solve the node-constrained service chain routing problem in a software-defined network. The main idea is to transform the network representation to a layered graph that considers processing steps and allows the use of conventional shortest path algorithms, such as Dijkstra’s algorithm, to solve the problem. We are not only pursuing the high efficiency of acceptance ratio, but also 　taking into account the execution time of the algorithm.

目 錄
摘要 I
Abstract II
誌謝 III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VI
表目錄 IX
演算法目錄 X
第一章　緒論 1
1.1　研究背景 1
1.2　論文目標 2
1.3　論文架構 3
第二章　相關研究 4
2.1　軟體定義網路(Software Defined Network, SDN) 12
2.2　網路功能虛擬化(Network Function Virtualization, NFV) 14
2.3　服務功能鏈(Service Function Chain, SFC) 15
2.4　虛擬網路功能排程問題(VNFs - Scheduling, VNFs-SCH) 16
第三章　問題描述與系統模型 18
3.1　系統模型 18
3.2　問題定義 18
第四章　調適性機制路由演算法 24
4.1　演算法概念 25
4.2　Algorithm 1 : Local Layered Routing (LLR) 25
4.3　Algorithm 2 : Global Layered Routing (GLR) 31
4.4　Algorithm 3 : Segmented Layered Routing (SLR) 33
4.5　Algorithm 4 : Adaptive Threshold Routing Mechanism (ATRM) 36
第五章　實驗結果與分析 37
5.1　實驗環境設定 37
5.1.1　拓樸設定 37
5.1.2　要求時限設定 38
5.1.3 網路環境與服務要求設定 38
5.2　實驗結果 38
5.2.1　虛擬化網路功能被有功能之節點服務數量的影響 39
5.2.2　拓樸規模大小的影響 41
5.2.3 要求時限的影響 47
5.2.4 演算法執行時間對成功率的影響 50
5.2.5 演算法的資源使用率 53
第六章　結論與未來研究方向 54
參考文獻 55
 

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