臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

台灣地區每年產生的水淬高爐石與燃煤飛灰數量約有590萬噸，目前主要的再利用途徑是作為波索蘭材料添加於水泥用料中。由於其水化物具有高比表面積，故可用作吸附劑。本研究之目的即在提高此兩種廢棄物資源化的附加價值，製備成具處理氣態污染物能力的低成本高效率吸附劑。本研究的主要構想係以添加醋酸、乳酸、檸檬酸等有機酸，利用有機酸破壞水化物結構，使其生成結晶粒小及結構鬆散之水化物與結晶物，藉以增大比表面積及提高對污染物的吸附能力。
將製備完成的吸附劑，對二氧化硫、二氧化碳、甲醛、甲醇及氨等污染氣體進行吸附實驗，所製備之吸附劑對二氧化硫之吸附量達到 157.4 mg/g、對二氧化碳之吸附量達到3.3 mg/g、對甲醛之吸附量達到1.28 mg/g、對氨之吸附量達到144 μg/g、對甲醇之吸附量則視為可忽略。由實驗結果得知，二氧化硫之吸附量遠大於其它污染氣體，且對二氧化硫及二氧化碳這兩種酸性氣體，具有近似之吸附現象，而二氧化碳之吸附量較低與其水溶解度較低，且以碳酸的形式存在於水中的比例較少有關。這結果顯示所製備之吸附劑為一鹼性吸附劑，對酸性氣體，例如二
氧化硫，可具有良好之功效，其中以爐石粉製備之吸附劑效果優於煤灰所製備之吸附劑。
再脫附實驗方面，二氧化硫及二氧化碳到達實驗所設定的脫附溫度（80℃）仍有吸附情形發生，表示仍未到達其脫附溫度，而甲醛可在常溫下輕易脫附，顯示其與吸附劑之間吸附力較弱，甲醇及氨因其吸附量極低，並未進行脫附實驗。
吸附劑製備主要成本，來自氫氧化鈣添加及長時間加熱所耗用之能源，而在火力發電廠及煉鋼廠中，廢熱取得容易可謂不用成本，以其對二氧化硫之去除率，及其低廉之成本，若火力發電廠及煉鋼廠能自行製備，將可達到降低操作成本及廢棄物資源化之目標。

In Taiwan, huge amounts of granulated blast furnace slag and coal ash are produced, and they are mainly pulverized and added into the cement as the pozzolanic materials. The goal of this study is to increase additional value of granulated blast furnace slag and coal combustion products by transforming them into adsorbent that are capable of treating gaseous pollutants at low cost and with high efficiency. The main idea in this research for adding acetic acid, lactic acid, and citric acid is to utilize organic acids to destroy the hydrate structure, make it produce smaller crystal, loosen organized hydrate, increase the surface area, and improve the ability of adsorbing pollutants.
The adsorbates used were sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, formaldehyde, methyl alcohol and ammonia with the adsorbents prepared. Experimental
results showed that the adsorbed amount of the sulfur dioxide is best than other pollutants. The sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide are acid gas and have similar phenomenon of adsorption. The solubility of carbon dioxide in water is relatively low and only small portion are in the form of carbonic acid so that the adsorbed amount is relatively low. Since adsorbents prepared are alkali adsorbents, they can be effective adsorbents to acid gas, such as the sulfur dioxide. The adsorbents prepared from granulated blast furnace slag are superior to that from coal ash.
The prime cost during preparation of adsorbents come from the calcium hydroxide be added and heating energy. There is much excess waste heat in the power plant and steel mill, therefore the cost of heating energy can be reduced. The adsorbents prepared are highly effective to the sulfur dioxide and less expensive if the power plant and steel mill can prepare by themselves. The waste from process can be reused and furthermore reduce the operating cost.

中文摘要…………………………………………………………………Ⅰ
英文摘要…………………………………………………………………Ⅲ
誌謝………………………………………………………………………Ⅴ
目錄………………………………………………………………………Ⅵ
表目錄……………………………………………………………………Ⅸ
圖目錄……………………………………………………………………XI
第1章 前 言……………………………………………………………1
1.1 研究緣起……………………………………………………………1
1.2 研究目的……………………………………………………………1
1.3 研究內容……………………………………………………………2
第2章 文獻回顧…………………………………………………………3
2.1 煤灰之簡介…………………………………………………………3
2.1.1 煤灰利用概況……………………………………………………4
2.2 爐石簡介……………………………………………………………4
2.2.1 爐石利用概況……………………………………………………5
2.3 吸附原理……………………………………………………………7
2.3.l 影響吸附因子……………………………………………………8
2.3.2 固定床（fixed-bed）反應器簡介……………………………9
2.3.3 吸附控制之應用 ………………………………………………12
2.4 水化反應……………………………………………………………14
2.5 吸附劑應用的相關研究……………………………………………18
2.5.1 煤灰、爐石應用於污染物去除之相關研究……………………18
2.5.2 飛灰水化物去除SOX之機制……………………………………20
2.5.3 吸附CO2之機制…………………………………………………20
2.5.4 供試污染氣體之基本性質及危害………………………………21
第3章 材料與方法………………………………………………………26
3.1 實驗藥品……………………………………………………………26
3.2 實驗設備與儀器……………………………………………………26
3.3 實驗材料……………………………………………………………29
3.4 供試樣品物化性質…………………………………………………29
3.4.1 物理性質…………………………………………………………29
3.4.2 化學性質…………………………………………………………31
3.5 吸附劑的製備………………………………………………………31
3.5.1 水化反應…………………………………………………………31
3.5.2 比表面積…………………………………………………………32
3.6 污染氣體吸附試驗…………………………………………………32
3.6.1 供試污染氣體生成………………………………………………34
3.6.2 吸附試驗操作步驟及參數設定…………………………………34
第4章 結果與討論………………………………………………………30
4.1 吸附試驗……………………………………………………………36
4.1.1 二氧化硫吸附試驗………………………………………………36
4.1.2 二氧化碳吸附試驗………………………………………………54
4.1.3 甲醛吸附試驗……………………………………………………54
4.1.4 甲醇吸附試驗……………………………………………………57
4.1.5 氨吸附試驗………………………………………………………57
4.2 脫附試驗……………………………………………………………59
4.2.1 二氧化硫脫附試驗……………………………………………59
4.2.2 二氧化碳脫附試驗……………………………………………63
4.2.3 甲醛脫附試驗…………………………………………………63
4.2.4 綜合討論………………………………………………………64
第5章 結論與建議………………………………………………………67
5.1 結論…………………………………………………………………67
5.2 建議…………………………………………………………………67
參考文獻…………………………………………………………………69
作者簡介…………………………………………………………………74

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