臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文主要目的在完成可攜式低功率酸鹼度感測計混模積體電路的設計製作，並以類比前端電路、類比/數位轉換器及微控器整合的方式設計實現酸鹼度感測計系統。系統設計流程從了解原理、系統規格訂定、電路設計及模擬、實體佈局、佈局後模擬及晶片量測在本論文中均有詳述。
本研究利用離子敏感型場效電晶體進行酸鹼度感測，我們採用恆壓恆流法進行此類感測器的訊號讀出；主要原理為定電流及定電壓之工作條件下，感測器將操作在線性區，使得感測器的輸出(VGS)與酸鹼值呈現線性的變化。因此，低電源操作之類比檢測電路是本論文研究之首要核心；我們共完成5V/3V/1.5V之CMOS轉導放大器設計實現。而取出訊號亦提供給後段自行研發之雙斜率類比/數位轉換器積體電路以轉成數位訊號。為達到擬測試酸鹼度之線性範圍及液晶顯示輸出，我們整合AT89C51微處理機進行pH4及pH7的兩點校正並將處理完的資料經編碼後送到LCD顯示器上，顯示出溶液之pH值。
本研究完成之酸鹼度感測計工作共計有單電源5V和3V之系統，而在類比/數位轉換器的解析度上有8位元和12位元，系統在pH2到pH10的量測過程中，誤差為0.02pH~-0.16pH，系統之消耗功率由14.955 mW下降為6.762 mW。所有的積體電路晶片實現是以UMC 0.5mm CMOS DPDM的製程技術製作完成。

The major objective of this thesis is to design and implement an analog front-end circuitry with analog to digital converter (ADC) integrated circuit for portable, low power ion-sensitive field effect transistor (ISFET) based pH meter applications. In order to show the data converted from ADC, the AT89C51 controller has been used to calibrate and process measured data to LCD display. Research approaches for mixed-mode VLSI design consideration, layout skills and ISFET sensor characterization are also given in this thesis.
The proposed pH meter system consists of three major modules, including analog signal readout module, A/D converter module, and LCD display driver and digital controller. 5V/3V/1.5V operational transconductance amplifiers have been developed for ISFET signal sensing module, a complete circuit design and implementation of a 1.5V bulk-driven two-stage sensing op amp are analyzed. The major design approach of the signal readout circuit is by using the constant current and voltage bias technique. These techniques lead to the gate-source voltage variation of ISFET''s threshold voltages directly proportional to the variations of the pH values.
The implemented pH meter that is fabricated with a 0.5 mm double-metal double-poly CMOS technology works in a single power supply voltage of 5V and 3V respectively. The design consumes static power of 6.762mW at the operation voltage of 5 V. There are 0.02pH ~ -0.16pH errors measured at the pH buffer solutions from pH=2 to pH=12. The design result exhibits a satisfactory sensing linearity of the pH values from 2 to 12.

中文摘要．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．i
英文摘要．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．ii
誌謝．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．iii
目錄．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．iv
圖目錄．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．vi
表目錄．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．viii
第一章 緒論．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．1
1-1 研究背景．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．1
1-2 研究動機與目的．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．1
1-3 設計流程．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．2
第二章 可攜式酸鹼感測計基本架構．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．3
2-1 架構說明．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．3
2-2 系統規格討論．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．4
第三章 可攜式酸鹼感測計前端混模電路．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．8
3-1 架構說明．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．8
3-2 前端混模電路設計．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．8
3-2-1 前端檢測調整電路．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．８
3-2-2 雙斜率類比/數位轉換器．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．10
3-2-3 前端混模電路和佈局．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．13
3-3 系統設計與實現．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．15
3-4 系統量測．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．19
第四章 運算放大器和比較器設計．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．21
4-1 低電壓互補式金氧半放大器之設計．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．21
4-2 低電壓互補式金氧半比較器之設計．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．25
4-3 能帶隙參考電路設計．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．27
4-4 1.5伏特放大器之設計．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．29
第五章 低電壓可攜式酸鹼感測計前端混模電路．．．．．．．．．．．．．34
5-1 架構說明．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．34
5-2 前端混模電路設計．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．35
5-2-1 訊號檢測電路．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．35
5-2-2 率類比/數位轉換器．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．36
5-2-3 參考壓產生電路．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．38
5-2-4 前端混模電路佈局與比較．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．40
5-3 系統設計與實現．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．41
第六章 1.5伏特ISFET可調式檢測電路設計．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．44
6-1 前端類比單元電路設計．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．44
6-2 可調式檢測電路計與模擬．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．47
第七章 結論與展望．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．48
參考文獻．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．49
附錄．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．51
作者自傳．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．57

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