臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究藉由熱裂解技術產製蓖麻籽裂解油，並利用熱重分析儀探討其裂解與氧化反應隨溫度之變化。結果顯示蓖麻裂解油主要裂解與氧化反應區間發生在100-500℃之間，而最大質量損失率發生在100-320℃之間。其非揮發組分在500℃左右可被引燃，並殘餘約0.18%的殘渣，顯示蓖麻裂解油具有低灰分之特點。而利用熱重分析結果同時也計算了蓖麻熱裂解油引燃溫度、燃盡溫度及綜合燃燒特性指數S。

本研究同時利用懸掛液滴實驗系統，探討不同環境溫度(350℃、450℃及550℃)下蓖麻裂解油滴之受熱行為、微爆現象及燃燒模式。蓖麻籽裂解油為多組分之燃油，因此具有寬廣的沸點範圍，使其受熱過程中行為複雜，並有微爆現象發生，造成液滴表面扭曲變形。其微爆情況依照產生之時機與微爆強度，可區分成三種主要模式：前期的低強度微爆、中期的高強度微爆及後期的中強度微爆。

蓖麻裂解油在環境溫度550℃下發生強微爆後，會釋出較多的揮發油氣並形成可燃油氣，其在高溫環境下被點燃後會形成球對稱之非預混火焰包圍住液滴。液滴燃燒過程中頻繁地發生微爆，但仍能維持接近球體之樣貌，迅速蒸發並維持火焰包住液滴。液滴燃燒後期，揮發性組分皆已揮發掉後，殘留的固態顆粒會接續燃燒，且燃盡後幾乎沒有殘餘物。

In the study, castor oil is produced by thermal pyrolysis and its pyrolysis reaction and oxidation reactions are investigated using thermal gravimetric analysis. The results showed that the main pyrolysis and oxidation reactions occur in the temperature between 100 and 500 °C. The maximum weight loss occurs between 100 and 320 °C. Its non-volatile components may be ignited at about 500 °C and the residue is only about 0.18% of the original weight of the pyrolytic oil. The results of thermal gravimetric analysis are also used to calculate the ignition temperature, burnout temperature and combustion characteristics index (S) of castor pyrolytic oil.

In this study, the suspended droplet experimental system is also used to explore the micro-explosion phenomena and combustion modes of castor pyrolytic oil under different ambient temperatures (350 °C, 450 °C and 550 °C). The pyrolytic oil of castor seeds is a multi-component fuel and therefore has a wide boiling range. It results in a complex process during heating process and micro-explosion occurrs, causing the droplet surface distortion. According to the timing and strength of the micro-explosion, there are three different stages: low intensity micro-explosion in the first stage, high intensity micro-explosion in the second stage and medium intensity micro-explosion in the last stage.

After strong micro-explosion occurred in 550 °C ambient temperature, it will release more volatile vapor and the flammable mixture will form a non-premixed flame wrapping droplets after it is ignited in high temperature environments. During the combustion process of the droplet, the micro-explosion occurs continuously, but the droplet still maintains the appearance close to a sphere. The droplet rapidly evaporates and the flame wraps the droplet. In the latter period of the droplet combustion, volatile components have been completely evaporated, residual solid particle will continue burning, and there is almost no residue after burning.

摘要.......................................................i
英文衍生摘要................................................ii
誌謝.....................................................xiv
目錄......................................................xv
表目錄..................................................xviii
圖目錄....................................................xix
符號表....................................................xxi
第一章 緒論.................................................1
第二章 文獻回顧與研究目的......................................3
2-1 生質物 (Biomass)與生質燃料 (Biofuels)...................3
2-2 蓖麻 (Castor Plant)..................................5
2-2-1 蓖麻油 (Castor oil)...............................6
2-2-3 蓖麻粕 (Castor meal)..............................7
2-3 熱裂解................................................8
2-3-1 熱裂解原理........................................8
2-3-2 熱裂解產物之應用 [18]...............................9
2-4 熱分析................................................9
2-4-1 熱重分析法(Thermogravimetric Analysis，TGA).......10
2-4-2 差式掃描量熱分析法(Differential Scanning Calormetry，
DSC)............................................10
2-4 液態燃料燃燒..........................................11
2-4-1 d2 Law [24].....................................12
2-4-2 微爆現象.........................................13
2-5 液滴燃燒實驗法........................................15
2-5-1 多孔性球體法 (porous sphere)......................15
2-5-2 懸掛液滴法 (suspended droplet)...................15
2-5-3 自由液滴法 (free droplet)........................17
2-6 研究動機與目的........................................18
第三章 實驗設備與方法........................................20
3-1 實驗設備.............................................20
3-1-1 蓖麻裂解油產製設備.................................20
3-1-1-1 蓖麻裂解油...................................20
3-1-1-2 熱裂解系統...................................20
3-1-2 懸掛液滴法之設備...................................21
3-1-2-1 加熱裝置.....................................21
3-1-2-2 溫度記錄系統..................................22
3-1-2-3 直線移動架構..................................23
3-1-2-4 影像擷取系統..................................23
3-1-2-5 溫度與影像數據同步系統..........................24
3-2 實驗方法.............................................25
3-2-1 蓖麻裂解油產製流程.................................25
3-2-2 熱分析...........................................26
3-2-2-1 燃燒特性參數訂定...............................27
3-2-3 懸掛液滴法之實驗...................................28
3-2-4 影像後處理.......................................28
第四章 結果與討論............................................30
4-1 蓖麻裂解油之油品特性...................................30
4-1-1 燃油物理化學性質...................................30
4-1-2 元素分析 (Elemental analysis, EA)................31
4-1-3 成分分析.........................................32
4-2 熱分析...............................................33
4-2-1 無氧環境之熱裂解反應...............................33
4-2-2 空氣環境之氧化反應.................................34
4-2-3 燃燒特性指數......................................35
4-3 單顆蓖麻油滴之受熱行為..................................36
4-3-1 不同環境溫度下液滴受熱之行為.........................36
4-3-1-1 環境溫度350℃.................................36
4-3-1-2 環境溫度450℃.................................37
4-3-1-3 環境溫度550℃.................................39
4-3-2 微爆現象.........................................40
4-3-3 液滴燃燒模式......................................42
第五章 結論................................................44
參考文獻...................................................46
圖表......................................................50

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