臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究探討常用中草藥，對乳酸菌生長之影響，並探討其應用於乳酸菌培養之可行性。實驗首先選用市售粉劑型的腸胃用中藥粉（生薑、蒼朮、大棗及厚朴）進行培養試驗。其次再以市售之生藥材（生薑、冬蟲夏草、何首烏、高麗蔘、沙蔘、丹蔘、黨蔘、元蔘、西洋蔘與苦蔘）進行萃取、添加於乳酸菌培養液中。實驗所測試之菌株為Lactobacillus acidophilus、Bifidobacterium bifidum 與Lactobacillus sporogenes。本研究並探討中草藥萃取物之濃度對乳酸菌生長之影響。以羊奶搭配中草藥萃取物之最適化條件作為培養基的配方，探討其對乳酸菌的生長速率、產酸能力與抑菌效果
等特性。研究結果顯示，添加5％（w/v）的生薑中藥粉，可使L. sporogenes菌數由1×109 CFU/mL 增加到6.42×1010 CFU/mL。而低濃度蔘類萃取物，則對乳酸菌的生長較有幫助，尤其以添加20ppm 的黨蔘萃取物，B. bifidum之菌數可由5.7×109CFU/mL 上升到2.5×1011CFU/mL。而添加20ppm 的沙蔘萃取物，於L. acidophilus 其菌數可由4.4×109 CFU/mL 上升到5.5×109CFU/mL。羊奶與中草藥的搭配組中，實驗組與對照組的乳酸菌菌數都約在1×1010 CFU/mL 左右，相似程度約在85％以上。而添加10ppm 的丹蔘萃取物於羊奶中進行B. bifidum馴養，經過馴養的B. bifidum抑制Samonella
choleraesuis 的能力明顯增加，抑菌環對照組是1mm 而馴養組則增至3mm。本研究所得之結論，除暸解其與乳酸菌同時服用時，無負面影響，亦可應用於菌株之培養。

In order to understand that, if taken simultaneously by consumers, would some of the Chinese herbs commonly used to treat digestive tract problems, exhibit negative effect on the growth of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). This research
studied the influence of these herbs on the growth of LAB. Chinese herbs chosen for this study were Rhizoma ngiberis recens, Rhizoma atractylodis, Fructus jujubae, Cortex magnoliae officinalis, Cordyceps, Radix polygoni
multiflori, Ginseng Radix, Scrophulariae Radix, Salivae miltiorrhizae Radix, Codonopsitis Radix, Adenophorae Radix and Panacis quinquefolii Radix.
Three strains: Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus sporogenes were used in this study. Herbal addition test results:
5% (w/v) powder of Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens for L. sporogenes was 1×109 CFU/mL to increase 6.42×1010 CFU/mL. Add 20ppm Codonopsitis Radix extract for B. bifidum was 5.7×109CFU/mL to increase 2.5×1011CFU/mL. And add 20ppm Adenophorae Radix extract for L. acidophilus was 4.4×109
CFU/mL to increase 5.5×109 CFU/mL.Otherwise cultural medium become cow''s milk with herbs, Lactic acid bacteria was reach to 1×1010CFU/mL. Add 10ppm Salivae miltiorrhizae Radix extract for B. bifidum resist to Samonella
choleraesuis was Inhibition Zone 1mm to increase 3mm. Experimental data revealed mostly positive effect for the growth of the lactic acid bacteria tested.

中文摘要…………………………………………………………………I
英文摘要………………………………………………………………II
目錄……………………………………………………………………III
圖目錄…………………………………………………………………VII
表目錄………………………………………………………………VIII
壹、前言…………………………………………………………………1
貳、文獻回顧……………………………………………………………2
第一章益生菌（Probiotics）的簡介…………………………………2
一、益生菌的由來………………………………………………………2
二、人體內益生菌的分佈………………………………………………3
三、腸道微生物的功能………………………………………………8
1、代謝作用……………………………………………………………8
2、營養作用……………………………………………………………10
3、保護作用……………………………………………………………11
四、益生菌之健康功效………………………………………………11
1、維持正常腸道菌相…………………………………………………11
2、免疫調節作用………………………………………………………14
3、降低癌症機率………………………………………………………19
4、降低高血壓…………………………………………………………23
5、抑菌作用……………………………………………………………25
第二章羊乳的機能性成分……………………………………………29
一、羊乳成分的介紹…………………………………………………29
二、羊乳之營養價值…………………………………………………31
三、羊乳之相關研究…………………………………………………34
第三章中草藥的簡介…………………………………………………37
一、中草藥的記載……………………………………………………37
二、中草藥的分類及來源……………………………………………37
三、中草藥的相關研究………………………………………………39
參、材料與方法……………………………………………………46
一、實驗藥品…………………………………………………………46
A、培養基配方…………………………………………………………46
B、市售單方中藥粉……………………………………………………46
C、市售單方中草藥……………………………………………………46
D、市售單方蔘類中草藥………………………………………………46
E、實驗用菌株…………………………………………………………47
二、實驗方法…………………………………………………………47
A、菌株活化及保存……………………………………………………47
B、中草藥之萃取………………………………………………………48
C、羊奶培養基之配製…………………………………………………48
D、固態培養與菌落測試………………………………………………49
E、市售單方中藥粉對乳酸菌生長影響之測試………………………50
F、市售單方中草藥/蔘類對乳酸菌生長影響之測試………………50
G、以羊奶為培養基測試中草藥對乳酸菌菌體生長之影響…………51
（A）生長速率的測定…………………………………………………51
（B）pH 值的測定……………………………………………………51
（C）可滴定酸之測定…………………………………………………51
（D）耐酸性試驗………………………………………………………52
（E）抑菌能力測試……………………………………………………52
肆、結果與討論………………………………………………………54
一、市售單方中藥粉對乳酸菌生長影響之測試……………………54
二、市售單方中草藥萃取物對乳酸菌生長影響之測試……………56
三、市售單方蔘類中草藥對乳酸菌生長影響之測試………………58
四、以羊奶為培養基測試中草藥對乳酸菌菌體生長之影響………66
（一）生長速率的測定……………………………………………66
（二）pH 值的測定…………………………………………………70
（三）可滴定酸之測定………………………………………………74
（四）耐酸性試驗……………………………………………………78
（五）抑菌能力測試…………………………………………………83
伍、結論………………………………………………………………89
陸、參考文獻…………………………………………………………91

圖目錄
圖一、人體腸道菌相分佈狀況………………………………………………9
圖二、免疫反應………………………………………………………………17
圖三、各種不同的蔘類………………………………………………………45
圖四、市售單方中草藥粉對L. sporogenes 的生長影響……………………55
圖五、市售單方中草藥之萃取物對乳酸菌的生長影響……………………57
圖六、市售之蔘類中草藥……………………………………………………59
圖七、市售蔘類單方中草藥萃取物（100ppm）對乳酸菌生長的影響……60
圖八、市售蔘類單方中草藥萃取物（50ppm）對乳酸菌生長的影響………61
圖九、市售蔘類單方中草藥萃取物（沙、丹、元蔘）對B. bifidum 生長的影響…………………………………………………………………63
圖十、市售蔘類單方中草藥萃取物（西洋、高麗、苦、黨蔘）對B. bifidum的影響………………………………………………………………64
圖十一、市售蔘類單方中草藥萃取物（沙、丹、元蔘）對L. sporogenes的影響……………………………………………………………65
圖十二、將L. acidophilus 培養在pH 值2 與pH 值3 的培養基下，其耐酸性的情形…………………………………………………………80
圖十三、將B. bifidum 培養在pH 值2 與pH 值3 的培養基下，其耐酸性的情形………………………………………………………………81
圖十四、將L. sporogenes 培養在pH 值2 與pH 值3 的培養基下，其耐酸性的情形…………………………………………………………82

表目錄
表一、乳酸菌所產生之細菌素………………………………………………27
表二、益生菌菌種應具備之條件……………………………………………28
表三、人乳牛乳羊乳組成分之比較…………………………………………36
表四、添加中草藥萃取物（沙蔘、元蔘、丹蔘）之乳酸菌生長速率變化……67
表五、添加中草藥萃取物（西洋蔘、高麗蔘）之乳酸菌生長速率變化……68
表六、添加中草藥萃取物（苦蔘、黨蔘）之乳酸菌生長速率變化…………69
表七、添加中草藥萃取物（沙蔘、元蔘、丹蔘）之乳酸菌發酵液pH 值變化……………………………………………………………………71
表八、添加中草藥萃取物（西洋蔘、高麗蔘）之乳酸菌發酵液pH 值變化…72
表九、添加中草藥萃取物（苦蔘、黨蔘）之乳酸菌發酵液pH 值變化……73
表十、添加中草藥萃取物（沙蔘、元蔘、丹蔘）之乳酸菌發酵液乳酸含量的變化………………………………………………………………75
表十一、添加中草藥萃取物（西洋蔘、高麗蔘）之乳酸菌發酵液乳酸含量的變化……………………………………………………………76
表十二、添加中草藥萃取物（苦蔘、黨蔘）之乳酸菌發酵液乳酸含量的變化…………………………………………………………………77
表十三、添加中草藥萃取物的乳酸菌對E. coli K12 之抑菌效果的變化…85
表十四、添加中草藥萃取物的乳酸菌對E. coli EB5 之抑菌效果的變化…86
表十五、添加中草藥萃取物的乳酸菌對S. choleraesuis 之抑菌效果的變化…………………………………………………………………87
表十六、添加中草藥萃取物的乳酸菌對S. aureus 之抑菌效果的變化……88

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