臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

摘要
當電力傳輸系統遇到雷擊或其他嚴重事故時，常會產生巨大的故障電流，並延著線路擴散至下游之用戶，而造成無法正常供電，甚且毀損用戶之系統設施。解決此困擾之方法之一，為在電力傳輸系統中，增加故障電流限流器（Fault Current Limiter），FCL。
單晶粒釔鋇銅氧（Y-Ba-Cu-O）高溫超導體 (HTSC)，在電力系統中，被提供用來做成故障電流限流器（Fault Current Limiters），簡稱為FCL。電流的限制是藉由電阻的改變，基本線路類似變壓器；包括一個銅線圈（主要線圈）、一個密閉環狀高溫超導線圈（次要線圈）、及一個鐵心（Ferrite Core）所組成。
正常情況下電路的電流小於故障電流限流器 （FCL）的臨界值，也就是 I < I threshold，主要線圈之交流電流所產生的磁力線被高溫超導環（HTS）感應屏敝電流所產生的磁力線所屏敝，並不會穿透鐵心，此時故障電流限流器 (FCL) 的電感很低，因此阻抗很低。電流之波形變化並未因線路中置入高溫超導故障電流限流器(HTS-FCL) 而改變。當故障電流發生時，主要線圈的電流及磁力線均急速增加，高溫超導線圈的感應屏敝電流亦同時急速增加。如果感應屏敝電流升高至其臨界電流值，也就是 I ～ I threshold 時，磁場的穿透深度等於超導體的厚度時，磁力線開始穿透超導環進入鐵心，因此等效電路中之總阻抗，包括鐵心損失電阻、磁化感抗，導致故障電流限流器(FCL )的電感及阻抗劇烈增加，使線路中之電流量降低，達到限制電流之目的。

Abstract
The single-grained Y-Ba-Cu-O high Tc superconductors(HTS) offer applications in the field of Fault Current Limiter (FCL) in electric power networks. Current limitation can be accomplished by means of the non-linear impedance of a transformer with a primary winding carrying the power circuit current and a short-circuited secondary winding consisting of a hollow cylinder or ring of single grained YBCO material. The latter remains superconductive at normal load current level which act as a magnetic flux shielding device to provide a low impedance. If the defined current level is exceeded a certain level, which generates a sufficient high magnetic flux penetrating into the superconducting ring, the secondary winding turns resistive providing a high impedance which limits the prospective fault current. A laboratory screening fault current limiter has been built and its performance has been tested. The relationship between the superconducting properties of single grained YBCO materials and the performance will be reported.

目錄
中文摘要……………………………………………………………….I
英文摘要………………………………………………………………II
誌謝……………………………………………………………………III
目錄……………………………………………………………………IV
表目錄……………………………………………………………… VII
圖目錄………………………………………………………………VIII
第一章 緒論…………………………………………………………. 1
1-1前言………………………………………………………………… 1
1-2故障原因…………………………………………………………… 2
1-3 研究目的 ………………………………………………………….3
第二章 高溫超體型故障電流器之發展…………………………4
2-1背景簡介……………………………………………………………4
2-2 傳統型故障電流限流器……………………………………………5
2-3 低溫超導型故障電流限流器……………………………………… 6
2-4 高溫超導故障電流限流器………………………………………… 8
2-4.1 電阻式故障電流限流器………………………………………….9
2-4.2 感應式故障電流限流器 ………………………………………… 9
2-4.3 屏蔽式故障電流限流器………………………………………… 11
2-5 單晶粒YBCO高溫超導材料……………………………………….13
第三章 研究方法與步驟 …………………………………………31
3-1製作單晶粒YBCO超導樣品……………………………………… 31
3-1.1 釔鋇銅氧（YBCO）的結構…………………………………………31
3-1.2 Y-Ba-Cu-O 係之相關相圖……………………………………….47
3-1.3 YBCO超導塊材之燒結製程………………………………………32
3-1.4 YBCO實驗流程及步驟……………………………………………34
3-2 利用環狀鑽石鑽頭或不銹鋼管鑽頭對單晶粒
超導環狀樣品鑽孔……………………………………………….37
3-2.1單晶粒超導環狀樣品鑽孔的步驟…………………………………37
3-2.2不銹鋼管鑽頭…………………………………………………. 37
3-2.3環狀鑽石鑽頭…………………………………………………. 38
3-3 設計製作組裝主線圈及鐵心…………………………………… 38
3-3.1 組裝主線圈…………………………………………………….38
3-3.2 組裝鐵心……………………………………………………….38
3-3.3組合故障電流限流器系統模型…………………………………. 39
3-4 單晶粒超導環狀樣品之超導性能測量………………………….39
3-4.1 磁（懸）浮力測量儀……………………………………………39
3-4.2 霍爾元件二維磁通密度測量設備……………………………….40
3-4.3 用 Labview 撰寫程式控制示波器………………………………42
第四章 結果與討論………………………………………………. 72
4-1 高溫超導故障電流限流器測量與分析………………………….72
4-2 負載不同，測量其電壓與電流變化情形…………………………72
4-3不同超導環之限流情形，負載為 50W 200Ω……………………73
4-4不同超導環之限流情形，負載為50W 20Ω並聯50W 30Ω………76
4-5 討論……………………………………………………………….80
第五章 結論………………………………………………………. 111
參考文獻…………………………………………………………….113

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