臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

高壓液化氣是化學工業利用價值甚高的產品，卻一直也是許多化學災害的來源，其中一種稱之為「液體沸騰氣體膨脹爆炸」（BLEVE），係指液體貯存溫度大於大氣壓沸點溫度時，突然從封閉容器中釋放出來的一種物理現象，由於壓力突然釋放而使部分的的液體氣化產生具爆炸性的蒸氣雲。大部分的BLEVE與可燃性液體有關，且大部分的BLEVE一旦被周圍的火源點燃常形成火球。高壓液化氣儲槽受火災侵襲時的安全評估需要完整的熱質傳之程序分析才能正確預測槽體的溫度或壓力，並從模擬的數據中歸納出BLEVE之形成。
化工廠內儲槽比起其他製程設備似乎脆弱許多，常因過壓、真空、附屬管線破管等等因素造成化學品外洩而引起嚴重災害。地下儲槽與地上儲槽同樣的做貯存液體、流體及氣體之用。地下儲槽與地上儲槽有不同的應用價值，如何選擇適當的儲槽及其附屬設備作為特殊用途，則需周詳考慮許多因素。覆土式壓力儲槽屬於地下儲槽的一種。相對於地上儲槽，地下儲槽具較低之火災侵襲風險，地下儲槽亦具較大之固定土地面積的應用；然而，地下儲槽需較多的維修保養，地下儲槽亦具較易外洩之風險，地下儲槽如洩漏亦可能污染到土壤與地下水。
本計畫之目的主要有兩個：一、首先建立地面球型儲槽之熱效應數學模式，球型儲槽之保護對策，如撒水冷卻，一併提出，以確保高壓液化氣球槽之安全。二、針對覆土式壓力儲槽提出熱傳導之數學模式，以學理分析覆土式壓力儲槽取代地面球型儲槽之可行性。

Pressure-liquefied gases (PLGs) are used by the chemical and petrochemical industries in large quantities as the raw materials for many products or as hydrocarbon fuels. However, pressure-liquefied gases have been involved in many major fires and explosions as well. One of these incidents is boiling-liquid expanding-vapor explosion (BLEVE). It is a phenomenon that results from the sudden release from confinement of a liquid at a temperature above its atmospheric-pressure boiling point. The sudden decrease in pressure results in the explosive vaporization of a fraction of the liquid and a cloud of vapor and mist with the accompanying blast effects. Most BLEVEs involve flammable liquids, and most BLEVE releases are ignited by surrounding fire and result in a fireball. The assessment of the safety of pressure-liquefied gas tank when engulfed in fire usually form part of most risk studies carried out on chemical plants today. This requires a comprehensive study of the heat and mass transfer processes involved within the tank in order to be able to accurately predict how the tank’s temperature and/or pressure will vary with time during the fire. From this data, it is then possible to predict under what conditions failure of such tanks, resulting in BLEVEs can occur.
No item of equipment is involved in more accidents than storage tanks in the chemical process industry, probably because they are fragile and easily damaged by fire attack, or slight overpressure, or vacuum. Underground storage tanks and aboveground storage tanks are used to store a variety of liquids, fluids and gases. Many factors need to be considered before selecting the storage tank and accessories to suit a specific application. The earth-covered tanks belong to the category of underground storage tanks. In contrast to aboveground storage tanks, the underground storage tanks offer a decreases fire risk and often allow expanded land use. However, they present greater installation and maintenance challenges, as well as an increased potential for leaks, which could results in soil and/or ground water contamination.
The primary objectives of this study are twofold. First, we developed computer models in order to determine the thermal and pressure responses of aboveground tank spheres, including an insulated ethylene storage tank and a liquefied-petroleum-gas storage tank. Second, the efficacy of protection measure, such as water cooling, was analyzed. In addition, to show the feasible substitution for aboveground storage tank, thermal conduction models for earth-covered tank were proposed.

目錄
中文摘要......................................................Ⅰ
英文摘要......................................................Ⅲ
誌謝..........................................................Ⅴ
目錄..........................................................Ⅵ
表索引........................................................Ⅸ
圖索引........................................................Ⅹ
第一章 緒論
1-1前言.......................................................1
1-2儲槽之安全設計理念.........................................6
1-2-1儲槽之種類............................................7
1-2-2 儲槽可能發生之災害...................................9
1-3研究目的與方法............................................10
第二章 液化石油氣球型儲槽
2-1LPG之性質.................................................14
2-2 熱輻射分析...............................................23
2-2-1數學模型............................................24
2-2-2 球槽幾何...........................................25
2-3 僅受太陽熱曝曬...........................................27
2-3-1環境溫度............................................27
2-3-2 熱輻射量...........................................28
2-3-3 熱傳係數...........................................30
2-4 火災模式.................................................35
2-4-1環境溫度 ...........................................36
2-4-2 熱輻射量...........................................38
2-4-3 熱傳係數...........................................39
2-4-4 灑水模式...........................................41
2-5 結果與討論...............................................45
2-5-1 僅受太陽熱曝曬.....................................46
2-5-2火災模式............................................52
2-5-3灑水模式............................................56
第三章 包覆保冷材料之乙烯球槽
3-1 乙烯之性質...............................................64
3-2 保冷材料之性質...........................................71
3-3儲槽各節點初始溫度之計算..................................76
3-4 熱輻射分析...............................................78
3-4-1 數學模型...........................................79
3-4-2 球槽幾何...........................................80
3-5僅受太陽熱輻射曝曬........................................82
3-5-1環境溫度............................................82
3-5-2熱輻射量............................................82
3-5-3 熱傳係數...........................................83
3-6 火災模式.................................................88
3-6-1環境溫度與熱輻射量..................................89
3-6-2 熱傳係數...........................................90
3-7結果與討論................................................92
3-7-1僅受太陽熱輻射曝曬..................................93
3-7-2 火災模式..........................................101
第四章 覆土式壓力儲槽
4-1 覆土式壓力儲槽之簡介....................................106
4-2 ECT與球型槽之比較.......................................111
4-3 輻射熱傳導模式..........................................118
4-4 結果與討論..............................................123
第五章 儲槽之災害防治
5-1儲槽之災害防治...........................................130
5-2災害防治之評估...........................................132
5-3球型儲槽之建造...........................................133
5-4 球型儲槽之設計..........................................134
5-5 結論....................................................135
第六章 結論與建議.........................................138

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