臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究的主要目的是探討變進料分率對逆流式Frazier型熱擴散塔中提煉重水效率之研究。在固定操作成本的前提下，求得熱擴散分離程序中之最佳的進料分率、最佳的傾斜角、最適的板距和長寬比之操作條件。結果顯示，逆流型熱擴散塔比順流型熱擴散塔得到較佳分離效果。
本文首先推導以不同進料分率為參數之直立式與傾斜式Frazier型串聯逆流多根管數熱擴散塔之分離度公式。然後，針對操作成本為固定的情況下，推導含有變進料分率的最佳板距與最佳長寬比公式。最後，藉由實驗來驗證理論分析模擬的結果，實驗數據是以進料分率為參數，各項實驗所得結果與理論推測值相當符合。實驗結果顯示，藉由適當控制塔底與塔頂之流率可有效降低再混合效應，進而有助於重水分離度之改善。

The purpose of this work is to investigate the effect of flow-rate fractions on enriching heavy water in countercurrent thermal-diffusion columns of the Frazier-scheme. The separation theory of the countercurrent-flow Frazier-scheme thermal-diffusion columns with various flow-rate fractions has been investigated analytically and experimentally. The equations for evaluating the degree of separation with flow-rate fraction variations of the vertical and inclined Frazier-scheme in serial countercurrent-flow and for estimating optimum plate-spacing and aspect ratio for maximum separation with flow-rate fraction variations have been derived. Therefore, The improvement of the separation efficiency is obtained when the thermal-diffusion column is operated at the optimum flow-rate fraction, best inclination angle, optimum plate-spacing and optimum aspect ratio under the consideration of fixed operating cost.
Finally, the experimental results confirm with the prediction of the separation theory developed in this work very well. It was shown that the undesirable remixing effect could be effectively reduced by the suitable adjustment of flow-rate fractions and leads to improvement in separation efficiency.

中文摘要 …………………………………………………… Ⅰ
英文摘要 …………………………………………………… Ⅱ
目錄 …………………………………………………… Ⅲ
圖目錄 …………………………………………………… Ⅶ
表目錄 …………………………………………………… ⅩⅩⅤ
第一章 緒論…………………………………………………… 1
1-1 熱擴散之起源………………………………………… 1
1-2 熱擴散之發展與沿革………………………………… 2
1-3 熱擴散之應用………………………………………… 9
1-4 重水及其用途………………………………………… 13
1-5 研究動機與目的……………………………………… 28
第二章 傳統熱擴散塔之傳送公式與分離度公式…………… 30
2-1 熱擴散之傳送公式…………………………………… 30
2-2 傳送公式之簡化-線性近似與常數近似……………… 40
2-3 簡化後之分離度公式………………………………… 44
第三章 變進料分率對串聯逆流式 Frazier 型熱擴散塔
分離度之基本理論公式……………………………… 47
3-1.1 單根管之分離度公式………………………………… 53
3-1.2 單根管之理論模擬與討論…………………………… 58
3-2.1 雙根管之分離度公式………………………………… 76
3-2.2 雙根管之理論模擬與討論…………………………… 81
3-3.1 串聯逆流式 N 根管之分離度公式…………………… 87
3-3.2 N 根管之理論模擬與討論…………………………… 93
3-4.1 逆流式與順流式之比較……………………………… 107
3-4.2 逆流型之最佳管數…………………………………… 111
第四章 以變進料分率在改良型串聯傾斜式逆流型之
Frazier 型熱擴散塔中對分離度的影響…………… 114
4-1.1 傾斜式單根管之最佳傾斜角與分離度公式………… 117
4-1.2 傾斜式單根管之理論模擬與討論…………………… 118
4-2.1 傾斜式 N 根管之最佳傾斜角與分離度公式………… 134
4-2.2 傾斜式 N 根管之理論模擬與討論…………………… 139
4-3.1 r固定在0.5時，串聯傾斜式多根管之最佳傾斜角
與分離度公式………………………………………… 148
4-3.2 傾斜式多根管之理論模擬與討論…………………… 153
4-4 逆流式與順流式之比較……………………………… 161
第五章 固定操作成本下 Frazier 型熱擴散塔對分離度的影
響……………………………………………………… 164
5-1 改變板距……………………………………………… 164
5-1.1 單根管之最佳板距與分離度公式…………………… 166
5-1.2 單根與雙根管之理論模擬與討論…………………… 167
5-1.3 串聯逆流式 N 根管之最佳板距與分離度公式……… 181
5-1.4 N 根管之理論模擬與討論…………………………… 183
5.1-5 r固定在0.5時，串聯多根管之最佳板距與分離度
公式…………………………………………………… 192
5.1.6 多根管之理論模擬與討論…………………………… 193
5.1.7 逆流式與順流式之比較……………………………… 201
5-2 改變長寬比…………………………………………… 204
5-2.1 單根管之最佳長寬比與分離度公式………………… 205
5-2.2 單根管之理論模擬與討論…………………………… 207
5-2.3 串聯逆流式 N 根管之最佳長寬比與分離度公式…… 215
5-2.4 N 根管之理論模擬與討論…………………………… 217
5.2-5 r固定在0.5時，串聯多根管之最佳長寬比與分離度
公式…………………………………………………… 226
5.2.6 多根管之理論模擬與討論…………………………… 228
5.2.7 逆流式與順流式之比較……………………………… 245
第六章 實驗裝置及操作……………………………………… 248
6-1 實驗裝置……………………………………………… 248
6-2 實驗設備……………………………………………… 252
6-3 實驗操作……………………………………………… 255
6-4 實驗數據分析………………………………………… 258
6-5 實驗結果與討論……………………………………… 261
第七章 結論…………………………………………………… 271
符號說明 ………………………………………………………… 276
參考文獻 ………………………………………………………… 280

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