臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

The diplomacy of the modern 21st century has shown the changes of using the platform for public diplomacy. The application of information technology, media and Internet in order to expand information and worldwide communication in diplomacy is called digital diplomacy. In recent years, many governments all over the world, such as Australia, China, Japan, South Korea, the United Kingdom, and the United States, have used digital diplomacy in their foreign affairs. Three research questions were asked: a) What are the strengths when conducting digital diplomacy? b) What are the weaknesses when conducting digital diplomacy? and, c) What should a nation consider when conducting digital diplomacy? Through a six-week observation and monitoring of these six countries’ websites and Facebook pages, this research aimed to figure out the strengths and weaknesses when conducting digital diplomacy by using Selim’s adaptation of Cowan and Arsenault’s three layer-rubric of monologue (websites), dialogue (Facebook pages) and collaboration (website). It was revealed that all websites, in differing levels, met the criteria of monologue properties of accessibility and visibility, accuracy and credibility, authority, coverage and currency, interactivity, orientation, navigability. For dialogue, all websites, again, in different levels, met the criteria of accessibility and visibility, accuracy and credibility, authority, coverage and currency. Although frequent updates of Facebook page statuses were observed, in terms of interaction, not much interaction between the public and the governments was observed. For collaboration, only the United States has met this criterion through a website design but there was no activity observed. It was recommended that countries should continue to improve the operation of digital diplomacy, especially for the dialogue layer.
Keywords: Digital Diplomacy, Public Diplomacy, Soft Power.

The diplomacy of the modern 21st century has shown the changes of using the platform for public diplomacy. The application of information technology, media and Internet in order to expand information and worldwide communication in diplomacy is called digital diplomacy. In recent years, many governments all over the world, such as Australia, China, Japan, South Korea, the United Kingdom, and the United States, have used digital diplomacy in their foreign affairs. Three research questions were asked: a) What are the strengths when conducting digital diplomacy? b) What are the weaknesses when conducting digital diplomacy? and, c) What should a nation consider when conducting digital diplomacy? Through a six-week observation and monitoring of these six countries’ websites and Facebook pages, this research aimed to figure out the strengths and weaknesses when conducting digital diplomacy by using Selim’s adaptation of Cowan and Arsenault’s three layer-rubric of monologue (websites), dialogue (Facebook pages) and collaboration (website). It was revealed that all websites, in differing levels, met the criteria of monologue properties of accessibility and visibility, accuracy and credibility, authority, coverage and currency, interactivity, orientation, navigability. For dialogue, all websites, again, in different levels, met the criteria of accessibility and visibility, accuracy and credibility, authority, coverage and currency. Although frequent updates of Facebook page statuses were observed, in terms of interaction, not much interaction between the public and the governments was observed. For collaboration, only the United States has met this criterion through a website design but there was no activity observed. It was recommended that countries should continue to improve the operation of digital diplomacy, especially for the dialogue layer.
Keywords: Digital Diplomacy, Public Diplomacy, Soft Power.

Table of Contents


Acknowledgements iii
Abstract v
List of Tables viii
List of Figures ix
Chapter 1 1
INTRODUCTION 1
1.1. Research Background 1
1.2. Research Motivation 3
1.3. Research Objectives and Questions 4
1.4 Research Framework 4
Chapter 2 6
LITERATURE REVIEW 6
2.1 Public Diplomacy and Soft Power 6
2.2 Digital Diplomacy 10
2.3 Related Works 12
2.4 Theoretical Framework 14
Chapter 3 17
METHODOLOGY 17
3.1 Research Methodology 17
3.2 Limitations of the Research 22
Chapter 4 23
FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS 23
4.1 Monologue 23
4.2 Dialogue 42
4.2.1 Design 42
4.2.2 Interaction 47
4.3 Collaboration 55
4.4 Summary and Assessment of Observation 58
4.4.1 Monologue 58
4.4.2 Dialogue 59
4.4.3 Collaboration 60
Chapter 5 61
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 61
5.1 Conclusions 61
5.2 Recommendations 63
Bibliography 66
Appendix: Facebook Data 68

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