臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

行政院環境保護署（以下簡稱環保署）為了落實資源永續利用目
的，自2001 年起開始推動「廚餘資源化政策」，因此全國各中、小型
廚餘堆肥場紛紛籌設。現今在考慮運輸成本及方便性等條件之下，堆
肥場勢必設置在人口稠密之都會地區。廚餘堆肥場常常因為臭味污染
問題而遭到民眾的陳情，造成業者、當地民眾及主管機關很大的困
擾。因此本研究之目的為探討除臭模組應用於廚餘堆肥場中的除臭效
率，以降低廚餘堆肥製程中所產生之臭味對周遭大氣環境所造成的衝
擊。
本研究以除臭裝置-雄風六號（以下簡稱除臭模組）進行實驗，以
氨氣模擬堆肥產生之臭氣進入防制設備入口處，以自來水做為除臭模
組之洗滌液，利用抽氣馬達將洗滌液抽引，經由高速旋渦所產生密度
極高之旋轉水滴環境，藉以去除氨氣。於試驗期間在氨氣通入除臭模
組後，控制洗滌液之pH 值，並同時於入口（inlet）、出口（outlet）處
進行氨氣同步採樣，以計算除臭模組之去除效率。
當洗滌液 pH 值控制於6.5~7.0 時，除臭模組能夠將在8 ppm 以
下的臭味氣體氨氣達到去除80%以上的效果。若是將洗滌液的pH 值
控制在中性範圍（7.5 ~ 8.0）時，除臭模組在去除氨氣的濃度範圍在
iv
0.8 ppm 以下時，去除效果都在60%以上。若將除臭效率設定在80%
時，pH 值控制於7.5 ~ 8.0 範圍時所能去除的氨氣最大濃度值在0.7
ppm 以下。若將洗滌液的pH 值控制在弱鹼性（8.5~9.0） 時，則能夠
去除的氨氣濃度值低於0.75 ppm 以下，且去除效果也僅能維持在25%
至35% 之間。

Main objective of this research is to establish a cost effective odor
removal device using ammonia as a probe for study. The established odor
removal device was designed based on a cyclone impacting theory.
Absorbing fluid utilized was water (or pH controlled water). The cycling
turbulence was created via a vacuum pump. With proper impacting
design, numerous tiny water droplets were created in the high speed
cycling movement. Parameters such as absorbing fluid pH, gas flow rate,
operating temperature, electricity consumption, as well as inlet and outlet
ammonia concentration were monitored.

誌謝 ........................................................................................................................... ii
摘要 ......................................................................................................................... iii
Abstract ..................................................................................................................... v
目錄 .......................................................................................................................... vi
圖目錄 ...................................................................................................................... ix
表目錄 ....................................................................................................................... x
第一章 前言........................................................................................................ 1
1.1 研究計畫背景............................................................................................ 1
1.2 研究計畫目的............................................................................................ 2
1.3 本研究之重要性........................................................................................ 3
第二章 文獻回顧................................................................................................ 4
第三章 研究方法與步驟.................................................................................. 14
3.1 研究實驗流程.......................................................................................... 14
3.2 實驗方法.................................................................................................. 15
3.2.1 除臭模組之介紹 15
3.2.2 除臭模組污染物去除的流場分析 17
3.2.3 除臭模組捕集污染物之原理 18
3.2.4 建立模組基本操作技術 20
3.3 檢測分析作業.......................................................................................... 21
3.4 實驗步驟.................................................................................................. 27
3.5 除臭效率測試.......................................................................................... 27
第四章 結果與討論.......................................................................................... 29
vii
4.1 最佳操作pH 值範圍 ............................................................................... 29
4.2 各pH 值範圍最佳氨氣處理濃度 ........................................................... 33
4.3 除臭模組操作參數.................................................................................. 36
第五章 結論與建議.......................................................................................... 39
5.1 結論.......................................................................................................... 39
5.2 建議.......................................................................................................... 41
參考文獻 ................................................................................................................. 42
附件 ......................................................................................................................... 4646

1. Burton, F. L. and H. D. Stensel (2003), Wastewater Engineering
Treatment and Reuse, Fourth Edition ed., McGraw-Hill Inc., New
York.
2. Devinny, J. S., M. A. Deshusses, and T. S. Webster (1999),
Biofiltration for Air Pollution Control, CRC-Lewis.
3. Dore, C. J., B. M. R. Jones, R. Scholtens, J. W. H. H. i. Veld, L. R.
Burgess, and V. R. Phillips (2004), Measuring ammonia emission
rates from livestock buildings and manure stores—part 2:
Comparative demonstrations of three methods on the farm, Atmos.
Environ., 38, 3017-3024.
4. Easter, C., C. Quigley, P. Burrowes, J. Witherspoon, and D. Apgar
(2005), Odor and air emissions control using biotechnology for both
collection and wastewater treatment systems, Chem. Eng. J., 113,
93-104.
5. James E. Alleman (1998), Free Ammonia-Nitrogen Calculator &
Information, School of Civil Engineering Purdue University.
6. Kim, N., M. Hirai, and M. Shoda (2000), Comparison of organic and
inorganic packing materials in the removal of ammonia gas in
biofilters, J. Hazard. Mater., 72, 77-90.
7. Körner, S., S. K. Das, S. Veenstra, and J. E. Vermaat (2001), The
effect of pH variation at the ammonium/ammonia equilibrium in
wastewater and its toxicity to Lemna gibba, Aquat. Bot., 71, 71-78.
8. Liang, Y., X. Quan, J. Chen, J. S. Chung, J. Y. Sung, S. Chen, D.
Xue, and Y. Zhao (2000), Long-term results of ammonia removal
and transformation by biofiltration, J. Hazard. Mater., 80, 259-269.
9. Monique A.M. Smeets, Patricia J. Bulsing, Sanneke van Rooden,
Ranjita Steinmann, J. Alexander de Ru, Nico W.M. Ogink, Christoph
van Thriel, and Pamela H. Dalton (2007), Odor and Irritation
Thresholds for Ammonia: A Comparison between
Static and Dynamic Olfactometry, Chemical Senses, 32, 11-20.
43
10. Nisola, G. M., E. Cho, J. D. Orata, M. C. F. R. Redillas, D. M. C.
Farnazo, E. Tuuguu, and W. J. Chung (2009), NH3 gas absorption
and bio-oxidation in a single bioscrubber system, Process
Biochemistry, 44, 161-167.
11. Pagans, E., R. Barrena, X. Font, and A. Sánchez (2006), Ammonia
emissions from the composting of different organic wastes.
Dependency on process temperature, Chemosphere, 62, 1534-1542.
12. Pagans, E., X. Font, and A. Sánchez (2007), Coupling composting
and biofiltration for ammonia and volatile organic compound
removal, Biosystems Engineering, 97, 491-500.
13. Philippe Rochette, Denis A. Angers, Martin H. Chantigny, J. Douglas
MacDonald, Marc-Olivier Gasser, and Normand Bertrand (2009),
Reducing ammonia volatilization in a no-till soil by incorporating
urea and pig slurry in shallow bands, Nutrient Cycling in
Agroecosystems, 71-80.
14. R. I. Mackie, P. G. Stroot, and V. H. Varel (1998), Biochemical
identification and biological origin of key odor components in
livestock waste, Journal of Animal Science, 5, 1331-1342.
15. Ranau, R., K. K. Kleeberg, M. Schlegelmilch, J. Streese, R.
Stegmann, and H. Steinhart (2005), Analytical determination of the
suitability of different processes for the treatment of odorous waste
gas, Waste Manage., 25, 908-916.
16. Ruth Francis-Floyd, Craig Watson, Denise Petty, and Deborah B.
Pouder (2005), Ammonia in Aquatic Systems, University of Florida
IFAS Extension, FA-16.
17. S. Yu, O.G. Clark, and J.J. Leonard (2005), Airflow measurement in
passively aerated compost, Canadian Biosystems Engineering, 47,
39-45.
18. Sakuma, T., S. Jinsiriwanit, T. Hattori, and M. A. Deshusses (2008),
Removal of ammonia from contaminated air in a biotrickling filter –
Denitrifying bioreactor combination system, Water Res., 42,
4507-4513.
44
19. Sommer G., Schjoerring J. K., and Denmead O. T. (2004), Ammonia
emission from mineral fertilizers and fertilized crops, Advances in
Agronomy, 82, 557-622.
20. Tony Griffitts (2007), Ammonia Toxicity and the pH Relationship,
Aquaworld.
21. Webb, J. (2001), Estimating the potential for ammonia emissions
from livestock excreta and manures, Environmental Pollution, 111,
395-406.
22. 周明顯 (2005), 小型污染源臭味及揮發性有機物污染防治技術之
研發與推廣 子-計畫一：廚餘堆肥廠臭味污染防治技術之研發與
推廣：化學洗滌法.
23. 曾四恭 (2005), 廚餘堆肥臭味檢測與防治技術開發-子計畫一:廚
餘堆肥臭味程序控制策略之研究.
24. 王仲龍 (2004), 廚餘堆肥化處理技術之研究, 碩士 thesis, 國立
高雄海洋科技大學海洋環境工程學研究所.
25. 王嘉禧 (2006), 以生物滴濾塔及生物濾床處理排氣中氨之特性研
究, 博士 thesis, 國立中山大學環境工程研究所.
26. 蔡坤蒼 (2004), 臺北市廚餘回收再利用方案評估, 碩士 thesis,
國立台灣大學環境工程研究所.
27. 行政院環保署 (2002-2007), 挑戰2008：國家發展重點計畫.
28. 行政院環境保護署環境檢驗所 (2005), 排放管道中氨氣之檢測方
法-靛酚法-NIEA A408.71A.
45
29. 連信智 (1989), 界面阻力對酸性溶液吸收氨之影響之研究, 碩士
thesis, 國立台灣大學環境工程研究所.
30. 陳泉福 (2005), 抽氣式供氣系統對於有機物堆肥化處理設施臭氣
控制機制之研究, 碩士 thesis, 國立屏東科技大學機械工程系研
究所.
31. 陳茂銓 (2005), 以濕式洗滌塔去除酸鹼氣體之理論研究, 碩士
thesis, 國立交通大學環境工程系所.