臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

台灣西部平原的地質狀況大多屬於沖積層，地質年齡輕且土壤堆積疏鬆而壓縮性大，若遭受環境或人為擾動極易產生垂直向的沉陷，而土壤的沉陷可能會對結構物的安全性產生影響。近來由於台灣西部的交通建設迅速發展，公路橋梁與鐵路或高速鐵路橋梁交錯的機會增加，橋梁基礎周圍的土壤是否會因為結構物自身的振動或鄰近結構傳遞來的波動而產生足以危害結構安全的沉陷，是一項值得探討的議題。台灣位於歐亞大陸板塊與菲律賓海板塊的交界處，常年有地震活動所以設計時須考慮到地震力作用，因為常重混凝土橋梁的自重較大，使得地震力較高。若使用輕質混凝土橋梁，可減輕結構自重，使地震力降低。本論文主要的目的為建構方法來探討當橋梁基礎周圍的土壤受到垂直向振動時可能造成的結構物沉陷量及分析受到水平向地震作用下輕質混凝土與常重混凝土橋梁的上部結構和樁帽部分所受到的等值側向力及振動加速度。在垂直向振動時考慮的振波來源包括了車輛行駛橋梁上對基礎所產生的振動以及鄰近結構傳遞來的振波，並考慮土壤-基礎-上部結構間的互制效應來探討振波傳遞對基礎沉陷的影響，之後應用大地工程領域用於探討的基樁振動與土壤沉陷關係的模型推估土壤沉陷量，進而決定基礎沉陷量。透過實例的分析發現橋梁因車行振動或鄰近結構傳遞的振波而造成橋梁基礎的沉陷量是非常微小。在水平向振動時以輕質混凝土及常重混凝土橋梁分別作分析，考慮土壤-基礎-上部結構間的互制效應做一雙自由度模型分析橋梁結構受水平向地震作用時橋梁上部結構及樁帽部分反應的影響，之後應用結構動力學中模態分析與歷時分析，並使用SRSS模態組和法分析橋梁上部結構及樁帽部分受等值側向力的大小。透過實例的分析發現橋梁所受地震力大小與所受地震紀錄有關，但通常輕質混凝土所受側向地震力會小於常重混凝土所受側向地震力。關鍵詞:土壤-結構互制;沉陷;輕質混凝土

The primary goal of this study is to research when the bridge foundations subject vertical vibration, the account settlement of bridge structures and when the bridge subject seismic excitation, comparison of the lateral force and acceleration by lightweight concrete and normal-weight concrete. Bridge structures analysis use the two-degree-of freedom system with an equivalent stiffness and damping ratio. The settlement on the bridge is produced by the vertical vibration. The vertical vibration consider the sources include generate vibrations in nearby structures and vibration caused by train. In cases the vibration produce bridge settlement was very low. The lateral force on the bridge is produced by the seismic excitation. The analysis method is used response spectrum and time history. In cases the seismic excitation produce bridge lateral force and acceleration on the lightweight concrete bridge is not sure more than normal-weight concrete bridge.Keywords：soil-pile interaction；settlement；lightweight concrete

目錄
致謝 i
摘要 ii
Abstract iii
目錄 iv
表目錄 vi
圖目錄 vii
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 前言 1
第二節 動機與文獻 3
第三節 輕質骨材混凝土工程實例 7
第四節 論文大綱 12
第二章 橋梁基礎振動沉陷量的數學模型 13
第一節 橋梁模型 13
第二節 土壤沉陷量 15
第三節 結構的沉陷量 17
第三章 數值模擬分析與研究結果 23
第一節 土壤係數之選定 23
第二節 車行振動的常重混凝土結構沉陷量 24
第三節 車行振動的輕質混凝土結構沉陷量 27
第四節 鄰近結構振波的常重混凝土結構沉陷量 28
第五節 鄰近結構振波的輕質混凝土結構沉陷量 36
第四章 土壤-基礎-橋墩系統的數學模型 40
第一節 運動方程式 40
第二節 模態形狀 42
第三節 反應譜分析法 43
第四節 歷時分析 46
第五章 數值模擬與研究結果 51
第一節 地震紀錄 51
第二節 常重混凝土橋梁之反應譜分析 53
第三節 輕質混凝土橋梁之反應譜分析 55
第四節 上部結構為輕質混凝土的橋梁之反應譜分析 58
第五節 橋梁結構之歷時分析 61
第六章 結論與建議 77
第一節 結論 77
第二節 建議 78
參考文獻 80

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