臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究主要探討以光纖雷射對材料在接受雕刻的過程中，雷射光束對材料表面造成退火之情況並針對調整不同材料、雷射功率、雕刻速度、脈波頻率、雕刻次數、線間距與掃瞄角度下來觀察，而使得材料表面出現不同顏色的變化；同時整個範圍受到加工參數的影響。研究結果顯示：在相同參數下雕刻不鏽鋼304、316及430在表面有拋光、未拋光及噴砂處理這些材質中相比，三者皆可以產生顏色的變化，但以有拋光之不鏽鋼316雕刻後的效果最好。另外，當改變雷射雕刻之掃瞄角度時其顏色並沒有明顯的變化。在不同線間距在相同雕刻次數下，可以發現因間距變小造成熱源變得較集中而導致顏色的變化。而在不同傾斜角度在相同雕刻次數下，隨著角度逐漸上升，顏色沒有明顯的變化只有掃瞄區域逐漸變小。但隨著雕刻次數的增加，則會使顏色加深。為了了解變色的原因，本文主要是採用不鏽鋼304來進行分析，經過X光繞射儀(XRD)、光學顯微鏡(OM)與掃瞄式電子顯微鏡 (SEM)下來觀察，在XRD下可以觀察到不同顏色下產生不同的氧化物多寡；在OM下可以觀察到雷射加工過與未加工地方的顏色變化；而在SEM下可以觀察到形成氧化薄膜與析出物；最後再運用薄膜干涉的方法來解釋為何會有不同顏色的變化。藉由此雷射變色標誌處理技術，可將其應用在汽車零件上的防偽或識別條碼，也可以在圖案上增添不少色彩，以提升其防偽功能。

This study investigated the laser beam adjusted for different operating parameters, line distances, and scan angles during the carving process of a material. The subject of this study focuses on the coloration using laser beam on the workpiece of different materials while its surface had been treated by different annealing processes. Current study shows that the coloration was only successful for a certain range of parameters. If these parameters were out of their range, the coloration could be barely successful. The results show that the change in color was possible for the types 304, 316, and 430 stainless steel workpiece whose surface was polished, unpolished, or sand blasted. Among these workpieces, the polished type 316 stainless steel gave the best coloration result. In addition, when the scan angle of the laser was changed, no significant change in coloration was observed. When operating under different line distances and loops while other parameters remained the same, it could be found that the coloration varied with the line distance and loop because the heat was too concentrate. When only the tilt angle was increased, the coloration did not change significantly but the dimension of the scan region became smaller. In order to understand the reasons behind the coloration process, this study selected 304 stainless steel for observation and further analysis through X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), optical microscope (OM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Through XRD, the increase in the amount of a certain oxide could be observed for a particular color; through OM, the color on the workpiece surface changed after being scanned with laser; and through SEM, the formation of oxide films and precipitate could be identified. Finally, the thin film interference method could be used to explain the coloration process of a workpiece. This technology can be applied to future car for security, barcode, or logo labeling purposes.

摘 要 I
Abstract III
誌謝 V
目錄 VI
表目錄 VIII
圖目錄 IX
第1章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 雷射激發原理 2
1.2.1 雷射雕刻 5
1.2.2 雷射變色 8
1.3 文獻回顧 9
1.4 研究動機與目的 11
第2章 研究與實驗方法 13
2.1 材料選定 13
2.2 實驗設備 15
2.3 雷射變色標誌處理方法與步驟 22
第3章 結果與討論 28
3.1 雷射雕刻參數對表面變色處理之探討 28
3.1.1 不同工件表面狀態對雷射變色處理之影響 28
3.1.2 不同工件材料對雷射變色處理之影響 30
3.1.3 掃瞄角度對於雷射變色標誌之影響 34
3.1.4 線間距對於雷射變色標誌之影響 35
3.1.5 工件傾斜角度對於雷射變色標誌之影響 36
3.1.6 雷射功率與雕刻次數對於雷射變色標誌之影響 38
3.1.7 雷射功率與雕刻速度對於雷射變色標誌之影響 40
3.1.8 雷射功率與脈衝頻率對於雷射變色標誌之影響 41
3.2 X光繞射儀 (XRD)表面的物相分析 42
3.3 光學顯微鏡(OM)對雷射標誌變色之分析 47
3.4 X射線能量散佈分析儀(EDS)對雷射標誌變色之分析 53
3.5 光學顯微鏡(OM)與掃瞄式電子顯微鏡(SEM)對雷射標 誌變色之比較 55
3.6 掃瞄式電子顯微鏡 (SEM)對雷射標誌變色之分析 56
3.7 車輛零件進行雷射變色標誌之處理 60
第4章 結論 63
第5章 未來展望 65
參考文獻 66
作者簡介 69

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