臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本試驗以台農67號(Oryza sativa L. cv Tainung 67, TNG 67)及Basmati 370 (Oryza sativa L. Basmati 370, B 370)做為親本，並利用其F2族群做為偵測與米質相關性狀有關的數量性狀基因座。本試驗族群的遺傳連鎖圖譜是以103個簡單重複序列分子標誌所構築，顯示本族群中水稻基因組總長為1938 cM，分子標誌的平均相隔距離為18.8 cM。其次，本試驗共找到37個與米質相關性狀有關的QTLs，分布於11條染色體上，其中包含9個與烹調及食用品質相關性狀有關的QTLs區域、8個與米粒大小及外型相關性狀有關的QTLs區域及20個與農藝及產量組成相關性狀有關的QTLs區域。

An F2 population derived from Oryza sativa L. cv Tainung 67 (TNG 67) and the Oryza sativa L. Basmati 370 (B 370) was developed to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for grain quality related traits. The genetic linkage map generated for the population consisted of 103 simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers, in which covered 1938 cM of the rice genome with an average distance of 18.8 cM between markers. QTLs controlling the 26 traits were identified by interval analysis with a threshold LOD of ≧ 3.0 and significant level of P ≦ 0.001. Thirty seven QTLs identified in this study were distributed on eleven chromosomes, in which included nine QTLs for “cooking and eating quality” related traits, eight QTLs for “grain size and shape” related traits, and twenty QTLs for “morphological and yield components” related traits.

中文摘要…………………………………………….…………………… i
英文摘要……………………………………….……………………….. ii
壹、前言………………………………………………………………… 1
貳、前人研究…………………………………………………………… 3
一、數量性狀基因座 (quantitative trait locus, QTL)…………….... 3
二、烹調及食用品質相關性狀……….……………………………. 4
三、米粒外觀相關性狀…………….…………………………….... 10
四、農藝性狀及產量組成相關性狀………………………….…… 11
五、簡單重複序列 (simple sequence repeats, SSR) …………. 13
參、材料與方法………………………………………………………… 15
一、試驗材料……………………………………………………… 15
二、植株性狀調查………………………………………………… 15
三、總量DNA萃取………………………………………………. 21
四、水稻SSR分子標誌分析……………………………………… 22
五、聚丙醯胺膠體電泳分析與銀染法顯影………………………. 22
六、聚丙醯胺膠體上差異片段之回收……………………………. 24
七、差異片段之選殖 (cloning)…………………………………… 24
八、構築遺傳連鎖圖譜…………………………………………….. 26
九、數量性狀基因座分析…………………………………………. 28
十、比較兩親本Waxy基因在intron 1第一個鹼基的序列………. 30
十一、圖譜比對…………………………………………………… 31
肆、結果………………………………………………………………. 32
一、植株性狀調查…………………………………………………. 32
二、水稻SSR分子標誌的分析…………………………………… 33
三、解序結果…………………………………………………..… 35
四、構築遺傳連鎖圖譜………………………………………… 36
五、單點分析……………………………………………………… 37
六、區間定位法………………………………………………… 44
七、性狀間相關性……………………………………………… 47
八、圖譜比對…………………………………………………… 52

伍、討論……………………………………………………………… 53
一、子代出現與親本不同的差異片段…………………………….. 53
二、兩親本Waxy解序結果……………………………………… 55
三、構築遺傳連鎖圖譜…………………………………………. 56
四、比較單點分析 (SPA)及區間定位分析 (IM)………………. 58
五、與前人研究中的數量性狀基因座比較……………………… 59
六、影響QTLs偵測的原因………………………………………. 72
七、相同的QTL區域影響多個性狀…………………………….. 75
八、烹調與食用品質相關性狀間的性狀相關性…………………. 76
九、本試驗材料的遺傳連鎖圖譜與前人比對…………….…… 78
陸、結語…………………………………………………………………..79

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