臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

卡夫卡在小說中以怪誕的筆法展開一個荒謬的世界，藉由變形一寫作手法對現代人類社會中孤獨、絕望、恐懼、身分困惑的異化處境進行剖析。論文將根據《變形記》中社會與個人、個人與他人、個人與自我三方面關係探討主角生存異化的三種形態：生理變形、心理變形、經濟變形。日本作家谷崎潤一郎在作品〈刺青〉裡生動描繪藝術的壓倒性力量，臣服其中的刺青師清吉在追尋與實踐美的過程中，完成自我的異化與生命價值的實現及喪失。藉由蜘蛛紋身，清吉協助女孩蛻變成女人，完成精神上的成年禮。其雖無外在形體的變形，卻因刺青而具有與蜘蛛相仿的奪命特質，顯示刺青誘發的心理變形與導致的性別主從關係之轉換。安部公房的短篇故事〈棒〉同樣使用變形的手法，將人變形成物，以揭示現實生活中普通人面臨的異化命運，並藉由懲罰的概念，反思人類面對生存困境時的消極態度，進一步傳達積極主動的應對觀。透過人物不同形式、不同程度的變形，作家們探討異化現象下人類的生存狀態與自由出路的問題，展現對人類命運、人生意義與人文精神的深切關懷及對人類存在價值的無盡追尋。

With his grotesque style, Kafka demonstrates an absurd world in his novels. By means of metamorphosis—a writing technique, Kafka dissects modernity into loneliness, despair, fear and identity confusion caused by alienation. Based on the relations among self, others and society in Metamorphosis, this thesis will conduct literary investigations into three forms of transformations: physiology, psychology, and economy. In his work “The Tattooer”, Japanese writer Junichiro Tanizaki vividly portrays the overwhelming power of art. Seikichi, the tattooer, surrenders himself to this power, experiencing self-alienation from his past, achieving and losing his value of being. Through the spider tattoo, Seikichi helps the female protagonist to become a woman, forcing her to be mature. Although the girl does not change at all in appearance, spiritually, she transforms from a geisha-to-be into a femme fatale whose character is in accordance with the spider. That manifests the psychological transformation “prompted” by the tattoo and moreover, reinforces the reverse of gender and sado-masochistic relationship between Seikichi and his client. Likewise, in “A Stick”, Kobo Abe employs the same technique to transform a human being into a substance so that he can further disclose the alienated destiny modern people have to encounter in reality. By the idea of “punishment” to the stick, the writer retrospects human’s negative attitude toward life when facing the dilemma of existence then further expresses his positive and active attitude in a deal with the issue of alienation. Through different forms and different degrees of metamorphoses, the above mentioned writers discuss the questions of existing condition, freedom and outlet for emotion in consideration of alienation, showing their great concerns to human destiny, life significance and humanistic spirit as well as their endless pursuit of the profound value for the existence.

Table of Contents
Chinese Abstract……………………………………………………………………...iii
English Abstract………………………………………………………………………iv
Introduction……………………………………………………………………………1
Chapter One: Alienation and Transformation: Interpretations of Metamorphosis ……………………………………………………………………..16
Chapter Two: Substance and Creature: Different Expressions of Alienation in “A Stick” and Metamorphosis …………………………………………………………..33
Chapter Three: “Invisible” Transformation: Reinterpretation of Femininity in “The Tattooer” and Metamorphosis………………………………………………………..51
Conclusion………………………………………………………….………………...68
Works Cited……………………………………………………….………………….80

Works Cited
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