臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

第一部分我們研製摻鐿光纖雷射，包含使用不同長度的摻鐿光纖、各種反射率的光纖光柵及不同的型態的光纖反射鏡來針對摻鐿雷射的輸出特性做探討。另外，我們自行研製的可調式光纖光柵嵌入共振腔之後，可使其成為可調式摻鐿光纖雷射。接著，我們經由前述的最佳化參數來研製近單頻的摻鐿光纖雷射。所使用的方式是多個子環形共振腔來抑制旁模的產生，最後我們使用了三個不同長度的子環形共振腔來達到近單頻的摻鐿光纖雷射。第二部分我們提出兩種不同的 C+L 頻帶光纖放大器﹔一為摻鉺光纖放大器，另外一種為混和型光纖放大器。兩種放大器擁有各自的優點，我們將擷取各自之優點來做研製。我們在此部分所提出的架構皆為平行式光纖放大器﹔也就是在放大的過程中，C 頻帶的訊號與L 頻帶的訊號光路徑是互相獨立的，並且搭配泵激功率分享的概念來達到增益平坦的目的。在放大器的部分，我們也提出了另一種設計﹔使用不同反射率的光纖光柵以及若干長度的色散補償光纖來達到不僅是增益等化，也能夠可以解決在長距離傳輸中所遇到的色散問題。在此部分，我們也將所提出的光纖放大器做實際的系統傳輸，在不同的設定下傳輸50、70、100 km 的距離下，功率償付值皆能低於1 dB。第三部分，首先，我們提出了一種適用於被動光纖網路的遠程泵激光纖放大器。雖然被動光纖網路侷限在傳輸距離30km 內，但是損耗仍會影響傳輸之品質，進而限制了傳輸的容量。所以第三部分的前段，我們將探討遠程泵激光纖放大器的設計，並且使其達到寬頻帶放大並擁有增益平坦優點。在第三部分的後段，我們將針對一般的傳輸設計做改良﹔我們將利用一種可重構之光纖模組將兩條不同的光纖做組合，並且重新分配所有訊號光的路徑，達到光訊號交換的目的。由於所籤入的可重構之光纖模組也有相對的元件損耗，故我們也將遠程泵激光纖放大器設計在模組中，使其免於光纖損耗等問題所困擾。最後在第七章的部分，針對本論文所達成的具體成果作結論，並且對未來研究方向提出若干建議。

This thesis is studied the fiber grating, and apply it for different optical fiber laser and module. The dissertation consists of three parts.
In first part, we develop Ytterbium doped fiber laser. We change the parameter
to optimize the characteristic of output laser, including using different length of Ytterbium doped fiber, various reflectivity fiber grating and different types of fiber mirrors. Additional, a homemade tunable fiber grating inserted can make the fiber laser achieved widely tunable range. Also, we develop near single frequency fiber laser based on the aforementioned parameters. We use sub-ring cavity to filter the side-mode. Finally, we use three different length of sub-ring cavity to achieve the near single frequency Ytterbium doped fiber laser.
The second part of this dissertation, two types of bidirectional fiber amplifier
are proposed and experimentally demonstrated, including EDFA and hybrid fiber
amplifier in C+L band. We design them with parallel type structure and use concept of pumping reuse and pumping sharing to solve the gain flatten issue. Furthermore, we propose and demonstrated a hybrid fiber amplifier in bridge-type scheme. It is composed of a C-band erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) and an L-band Raman fiber amplifier (RFA) using double-pass dispersion compensators in a loop-back scheme. Dispersion slope mismatch is compensated precisely for all C+L band channels by writing fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) at appropriate locations. Therefore, the gain and dispersion issue can be easily solved. To verify the lightwave system with our proposed fiber amplifier, we also measure the BER performances with 50, 70, 100 km transmission fiber in this part.
In the third part, we propose a remote pumped Erbium doped fiber amplifier
for wavelength-division-multiplexing passive-optical-network. A high reflectivity pump reflector using three cascading fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) is designed to reflect the residual pump power for L band amplification. Using the remote pumped bidirectional fiber amplifier, the power penalty is only 0.82 dB after 10 Gb/s, 24 km bi-directional transmission. A reconfigurable optical network based on fiber Bragg gratings is also proposed. 10 Gb/s per channel over 20 km fiber span is used to verify the metro-network-range system performance. A remote pumped EDFA is used in this module to compensate the loss of transmission fiber and components. The power penalty is less than 1 dB when compares to the back to back transmission.

Content
Chinese Abstract ................................................................................................................i
English Abstract .............................................................................................................. iii
Contents ....................................................................................................................... v
Abbreviation ..................................................................................................................... viii
List of Figures ....................................................................................................................... x
List of Tables .................................................................................................................... xv
Chapter 1
Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 1
1-1 Overview ................................................................................................................... 1
1-2 Motivation ................................................................................................................. 2
1-3 Prior works overview ............................................................................................... 3
1-4 Organization of the Thesis ...................................................................................... 5
Chapter 2
Fiber Bragg grating ............................................................................................................ 8
2-1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 8
2-2 FBGs Fabrication ................................................................................................... 11
2-3 Theory ...................................................................................................................... 15
2-4 Tunable Fiber Bragg Grating ................................................................................ 17
2-4-1 Fabrication and Setup ........................................................................... 17
2-4-2 Fiber Sensor Based on FBG .................................................................. 21
2-5 Long Period Fiber Grating ..................................................................................... 23
2-5-1 Introduction .......................................................................................... 23
2-5-2 LPFG Fabrication .................................................................................. 24
2-6 Summary ................................................................................................................. 26
Chapter 3
FBG Based Linear Cavity Ytterbium Doped Fiber Laser ................................ 27
3-1 Theory and Fabrication.......................................................................................... 27
3-1-1 Theory of Cavity ................................................................................... 27
3-1-2 Fabrication ............................................................................................. 28
vii
3-2 Ytterbium Doped Fiber.......................................................................................... 31
3-2-1 Energy Level ......................................................................................... 31
3-2-2 Thermal Effect ....................................................................................... 32
3-3 Linear Cavity Ytterbium Doped Fiber Laser ...................................................... 35
3-3-1 Experimental Setup ................................................................................. 35
3-3-2 Results and Discussion ........................................................................... 36
3-3-3 Tunable Fiber Laser ............................................................................... 39
3-4 Near Single Longitudinal Mode Fiber Laser ................................................. 41
3-5 Summary ........................................................................................................ 45
Chapter 4
Optical Fiber Amplifiers in Long Haul Optical Network.................................. 46
4-1 Theory of Fiber Amplifier ..................................................................................... 46
4-1-1 Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier ............................................................ 46
4-1-2 Raman Fiber Amplifier ......................................................................... 49
4-2 C+L Band Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (Scheme 1) .................................... 55
4-2-1 Experimental Setup ............................................................................... 55
4-2-2 Results and Discussion .......................................................................... 57
4-3 C+L Band Hybrid Fiber Amplifier (Scheme 2) .................................................. 59
4-3-1 Experimental Setup ............................................................................... 59
4-3-2 Results and Discussion .......................................................................... 60
4-4 Summary ................................................................................................................. 64
Chapter 5
Multifunction C+L Band Hybrid Fiber Amplifiers ............................................. 65
5-1 Overview ................................................................................................................. 65
5-2 Experimental Setup and Theory ........................................................................... 66
5-3 Simulation and Experimental Results ................................................................. 68
5-4 Summary ................................................................................................................. 75
Chapter 6
Applications of optical module ..................................................................................... 76
6-1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 76
6-2 Remotely Pump EDFA Based WDM-PON ........................................................ 78
viii
6-2-1 Experimental Setup ............................................................................... 78
6-2-2 Results and Discussion .......................................................................... 80
6-2-3 Gain Flatten .......................................................................................... 84
6-3 Wavelength Reconfigurable Module of Optical Networks ............................... 87
6-3-1 Experimental Setup ............................................................................... 87
6-3-2 Results and Discussion .......................................................................... 91
6-4 Summary ................................................................................................................. 94
Chapter 7
Conclusions .......................................................................................................................... 96
7-1 Achievements and Works Summary ................................................................... 96
7-2 Suggestion for Future Work ................................................................................. 99
References .......................................................................................................................... 100
Publication List ................................................................................................................ 107

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