臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

設施提供穩定的生產環境，蔬菜生產上可於設施內育苗或栽培，但在設施內栽培作物常因光照不足進而使用人工光源來補光，在光電技術日益精進的今天，高效能之新興人工光源Light emitting diode (LED)的發明，逐漸取代傳統人工光源於農業上的使用。光環境包括光質及光強度，皆會影響蔬菜生長，在植物工廠及立體栽培模式下，為了能更有效率的使用LED，本研究調查人工光源對甘藍、結球白菜穴盤苗株及水耕小白菜植株生長之影響，分析並建議較適合之光源條件。
　　‘和風’甘藍及‘瑞喜’結球白菜苗株出土後，立即於生長室內分別以180±10、210±10、240±10、270±10 μmol m-2 s-1四種不同光強度育苗，以網室內自然光照作為對照組。結果顯示‘和風’甘藍在210±10μmol m-2 s-1光照下的苗株生長情形較佳，其下胚軸無明顯抽長且莖徑較粗，苗株鮮、乾重也較其他處理佳，五種壯苗指數的分析結果均顯示在210±10μmol m-2 s-1光照下可得到較好的苗株品質，碳水化合物含量以270±10 μmol m-2 s-1及對照組顯著較高，由此可知光強度高低與碳水化合物多寡呈正相關，葉綠素含量則無顯著差異。‘瑞喜’結球白菜雖然在270±10 μmol m-2 s-1光強度下徒長最少，但其他性狀表現較不顯著，難以分辨最適合之光強度，因此主要根據壯苗指數來判定，分析結果顯示在270±10、240±10 μmol m-2 s-1光強度下的表現較佳且彼此差異不大，在成本的考量下選擇240±10 μmol m-2 s-1光強度作為結球白菜育苗時最適當之光強度。
　　根據光強度試驗結果，‘和風’甘藍及‘瑞喜’結球白菜苗株分別選用210±10、240±10 μmol m-2 s-1進一步研究較適合之光質組成。結果顯示‘和風’甘藍苗株在紅藍光比為7:1和9:1兩種複合光質下的整體性狀表現較佳，其中在紅藍光比為9:1的複合光質照射下有最大的壯苗指數及G值，且光合作用能力及產物含量也最高。‘瑞喜’結球白菜苗株以不同光質處理雖在下胚軸長、莖長、莖徑、株高等性狀無顯著差異，葉片大小及苗株整體生物量則以紅藍光比為9:1的複合光質處理表現最佳，與對照組無差異，且有最大的壯苗指數及G值，光合速率也較高，而不同光質處理在光合產物和光合色素方面則無顯著差異。以上結果顯示適合‘和風’甘藍及‘瑞喜’結球白菜育苗之光強度分別為210±10 μmol m-2 s-1、240±10 μmol m-2 s-1，最適之光質則同樣是紅藍光比例為9:1之複合光質。將人工光源所育出的苗定植後發現，紅藍光比例為9:1之複合光質所育出的‘和風’甘藍及‘瑞喜’結球白菜苗株定植初期的表現最佳，但在後期及採收時則各光質處理組無顯著差異。
　　不同光強度、光質組成之LED對水耕栽培小白菜的生長發育及品質之影響，結果均顯示當光強度在300±50 μmol m-2 s-1以上時，光質對小白菜的影響才會顯現，其中在含有較多藍光比例的R:G:B=42:36:22及R:B=7:2兩複合光質處理下有較高的光合作用能力、光合色素及生物量，且抗壞血酸含量也較高；而在紅藍光比例為9:1之複合光質下，產量可能較高，但植體卻可能有較柔弱現象。本研究提供適合甘藍及結球白菜育苗及水耕小白菜生長之光環境，以供光電生產者參考。

The light environment, including the light intensity and light quality, affects the growth of vegetables. In order to more efficiently employ light emitting diodes (LEDs) as the light source in a plant factory using a three-dimensional cultivation system, this study investigated the influence of artificial light on the plug seedling growth of the cabbage and Chinese cabbage, and on the growth of hydroponic non-heading Chinese cabbage.
After seedling emergence, the cabbage ‘Tropical Delight’ and Chinese cabbage ‘Auspicious’ were grown indoors under light intensities of 180 ± 10, 210 ± 10, 240 ± 10, and 270 ± 10 μmol m-2 s-1. Control plants were grown in a net house under natural light. The results indicated that the cabbage ‘Tropical Delight’ has the best seedling growth under a light intensity of 210 ± 10μmol m-2 s-1, during which the seedlings show no significant hypocotyl elongation, have a wider stem diameter, and tend to be shiny bright green in color. In addition, the dry weight of the seedlings was also higher than that under other treatments. Comparison of the strong seedling index among the five different treatments demonstrated that treatment with a light intensity of 210 ± 10 μmol m-2 s-1 led to the best seedling quality, and plants treated with a light intensity of 210 ± 10 μmol m-2 s-1 or the control group have a higher carbohydrate content in the seedlings, suggesting that light intensity is positively correlated with carbohydrate content but independent of chlorophyll content. The Chinese cabbage ‘Auspicious’ showed minimum stem elongation under a light intensity of 270 ± 10 μmol m-2 s-1; however, no significant advantage was seen in the other growth characteristics and it was difficult to determine the optimal light intensity for seedling growth. Therefore, the strong seedling index was used to analyze the optimal light intensity. The analysis showed that light intensities of 270 ± 10 and 240 ± 10 μmol m-2 s-1 gave the best results and led to similar outcomes. Therefore, an optimal light intensity of 240 ± 10 μmol m-2 s-1 is recommended for the growth of Chinese cabbage seedlings.
When these two cabbages were grown at a light intensity of 210 ± 10 or 240 ± 10 μmol m-2 s-1 to investigate the effect of light quality on seedling growth, the results showed that a combination of red and blue light at a ratio of 7:1 or 9:1 led to the best overall seedling growth. A light quality of a red:blue ratio of 9:1 led to the best strong seedling index and G value, as well as the greatest photosynthetic capacity and product content. No differences in hypocotyl length, stem length, stem diameter, plant height and photosynthesis were seen for the Chinese cabbage ‘Auspicious’ grown under different light quality treatments, while a light quality of a red:blue ratio of 9:1 led to the best leaf size and seedling biomass, which were similar to that of the control group. The treatment also resulted in the highest strong seedling index and G value, and a higher photosynthetic rate. The optimal light quality for these two cabbages was a combination of red and blue light at a ratio of 9:1. When seedlings grown under artificial light were transplanted, plants under a light quality of a red:blue ratio of 9:1 had the best growth performance in the earlier stage after transplantation, while no difference was seen between treatments at the late and harvest stages.
For the hydroponic growth of Pak-choi, among different LED light intensities and light quality combinations, it was found that at a light intensity above 300 ± 50 μmol m-2 s-1 and under a light quality with a higher blue light ratio, at combinations of R:G:B = 42:36:22 and R:B = 7:2, the plants had a higher photosynthetic capacity, more photosynthetic pigments and biomass, and a higher ascorbic acid content. On the other hand, plants grown under a light quality with a combination of red and blue light at a ratio of 9:1 had a high yield, but this treatment induced stem elongation, and the plants were weak.
This study provides the optimal light environment conditions for the growth of the cabbage and Chinese cabbage, as well as hydroponic non-heading Chinese cabbage. The results can be a very useful reference for the photoelectric industry for the development of suitable LED light sources for the growth of these vegetables.

中文摘要...............................................i
英文摘要...............................................iii
表目次...............................................vi
圖目次...............................................viii
壹、前言...............................................1
貳、前人研究...............................................2
一、LED介紹及在農業上之使用..................................2
二、人工光源於蔬菜穴盤育苗之應用..............................4
三、光對植株生長發育之影響...................................5
四、光對植物光合作用及葉片構造之影響...........................6
五、光對內部植物化學物質含量之影響............................9
六、光對蔬菜硝酸鹽含量之影響.................................10
參、材料方法..............................................13
一、人工光源不同光強度處理對甘藍及結球白菜種苗生長之影響.........13
二、人工光源不同光質處理對甘藍及結球白菜苗株生長之影響...........16
三、不同光質處理苗於定植後之生長情形..........................18
四、LED人工光源於水耕小白菜栽培之研究 .........................19
五、統計分析..............................................22
肆、試驗結果..............................................23
一、人工光源不同光強度處理對甘藍及結球白菜種苗生長之影響.........23
二、人工光源不同光質處理對甘藍及結球白菜種苗生長之影響...........34
三、不同光質處理苗於定植後之生長情形..........................61
四、LED人工光源不同光強度及光質對水耕小白菜栽培之影響...........70
伍、討論..................................................82
陸、結論..................................................100
柒、參考文獻..............................................101

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