臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文使用兩種蟲生線蟲(Steinernema abbasi與S. carpocapsae)及黑殭菌(Metarhizium anisopliae)測試在田間之十字花科蔬菜上對黃條葉蚤(Phyllotreta striolata)族群之防治效果。在室內進行黑殭菌對黃條葉蚤成蟲與幼蟲之生物檢定以及溫度影響黑殭菌對黃條葉蚤成蟲之致病力，以供支持田間測試之結果。利用五種不同濃度之黑殭菌孢子懸浮液接種黃條葉蚤成蟲，16天之累積死亡率隨著濃度提高而上升，LC50為3.2 × 106 conidia/ml，三種濃度1 × 107、1 × 108與1 × 109 conidia/ml造成之LT50分別為9.39、3.97與3.55天，當濃度達1 × 108以上時，即有80%以上之死亡率。不同溫度下，黑殭菌孢子懸浮液1 × 108 conidia/ml接種成蟲，第15天之校正累積死亡率在10與25°C間，且隨溫度提高而上升；在30°C則下降，可知最適溫度在25-30°C之間。以1 × 108與1 × 109 conidia/ml接種幼蟲，8天後均可造成80%以上之死亡率，LT50分別為3.46與3.01天。此外，本試驗改進幼蟲之飼養方式可達80%存活率。田間測試在開放式田間與網室內進行，以黏蟲紙捕捉黃條葉蚤監測田間密度與調查葉面蟲孔評估為害程度，所得防治效果差異不顯著。多數處理組在施用後一週內可見不同程度族群密度與危害減少之效果，黑殭菌處理組使用少於1 × 107 conidia/ml則多呈現無法降低族群之結果。以培丹作指標藥劑，其效力與高濃度S. abbasi相當。夏季在戶外以網籠模擬田間試驗，比較兩種線蟲之防治效果，施用一次時僅在一週內可降低成蟲密度，連續施用時可見S. abbasi比S. carpocapsae對壓制黃條葉蚤族群更具效果，此可能因高溫所致。冬季在同樣地區改以長型盆栽做模擬田間試驗，兩種線蟲與黑殭菌不同濃度施用後，由於高濃度與低溫影響，所有處理組之累積平均成蟲數不到10隻，且彼此間不具顯著差異。盆栽在第52天之蘿蔔根重經秤量後發現，S. carpocapsae處理組的平均根重普遍比S. abbasi較重，可能因低溫適宜S. carpocapsae之故，黑殭菌處理組施用1 × 108 conidia/ml，則根重與對照組無顯著差異，可能因在地表下土壤稀釋孢子濃度所致。

In this study, two entomopathogenic nematodes, Steinernema abbasi and S. carpocapsae, and the green muscardine fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae, were used to infect the striped flea beetles, Phyllotreta striolata, on crucifers. In the laboratory bioassays, infection of P. striolata adults and larvae with M. anisopliae was evaluated at different temperatures. Inoculation of the beetle adults with five concentrations of conidial suspension caused increase in cumulative mortality with increasing the conidial concentration, its LC50 being 3.2 × 106 conidia/ml. The LT50 values tested with 1 × 107, 1 × 108 or 1 × 109 conidia/ml were 9.39, 3.97 and 3.55 days, respectively. When the concentration was above 1 × 108 conidia/ml the fungus could cause more than 80% mortality. At a conidial suspension of 1 × 108 conidia/ml, the corrected cumulative mortality of adults increased with elevating the temperature ranging from 10 to 25°C. The optimal temperature for M. anisopliae infection was 25-30°C. When inoculated with 1 × 108 and 1 × 109 conidia/ml, larval mortalities of P. striolata were both more than 80% at 8th day post-inoculation, their LT50 values being 3.46 and 3.01 days, respectively. Additionally, larvae reared in a modified rearing method could attain over 80% survival. Field trials were studied in opening fields and a screen house. The numbers of P. striolata adults captured using sticky papers were adopted to monitor changes in populations, and the numbers of holes per leaf were used to evaluate the injury level. The results of field trials were not distinct from all treatments with S. abbasi, S. carpocapsae, and M. anisopliae, most treatment groups reduced the population densities and caused some degree of injury at 1 week post-treatment, and some of M. anisopliae treated group at 1 × 107 conidia/ml did not reduce the beetle population. Comparing efficacy with cartap and high concentrations of S. abbasi, both controlling agents were similar. Efficacy of two nematodes against P. striolata was studied using outdoor screen cages to simulate the field trials in summer. Application of nematodes once only reduced the population densities at 1 week post-treatment, while successive applications of nematodes, S. abbasi was more effective against P. striolata than S. carpocapsae, probably resulting from high temperatures at the experimental period. Using oblong pots to simulate field trials at the same place in winter, two nematodes and M. anisopliae were treated at different concentrations. Due to high pathogen concentrations and low temperatures, the numbers of adults captured were under 10 insects in all of the treatment groups without significant difference among various treatments. The weight of radish roots was measured at 52nd day after seeding, the radish roots in S. carpocapsae treated groups were generally heavier than S. abbasi treated groups, possibly due to its optimum for S. carpocapsae at low temperatures. The weight of radish roots in M. anisopliae treated groups using 1 × 108 conidia/ml was not significantly different with the control group, possibly resulting from being diluted the conidial concentration by soil beneath the ground surface.

目次
誌謝 I
中文摘要 II
英文摘要 III
前言.................1
文獻摘述.............3
材料與方法..........15
結果................22
討論................28
結論................36
參考文獻............38
圖..................57
表..................84

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