臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

摘要

台灣首次在黑鯛口腔內發現屬於Lernaeopodidae科的寄生橈足類. 蟲體經過解剖後, 仔細地針對各附肢 (antennule, antenna, maxillule, maxilla, maxilliped) 構造、身體及成熟母蟲之 posterior processes 比例進行描述. 鑑定該種寄生蟲為Neobrachiella屬之一的Neobrachiella lutiani (Copepoda: Lernaeopodidae). 進而應用18S rDNA核酸序列當作分子遺傳標記, 分析寄生於黑鯛之N.lutiani, 寄生於白帶魚之N. trichiuri trichiuri, 寄生於黑星銀拱之Eubrachiella sp. 定序結果獲得核苷酸序列長度496 bp 的序列長度, N. lutiani與N. trichiuri trichiuri相似度高逹98.1%；N. lutiani與Eubrachiella sp.相似度為87.4%. 應用這個專一性的引子對可以區別Lernaepopdidae中不同屬之間的差異性並且重新更正確地製定該科的樹枝狀演化圖.
N. lutiani 幼生發育階段, 依照培養觀察及連續採樣各期蟲體, 可以區分為7期, 分別為行浮游生活的無節幼蟲期 (nauplius) 及橈足幼蟲期 (copepodid)、利用前額絲 (frontal filament) 進行附著的附著絲期 (chalimus I、II、III、IV) 和利用bulla進行固著的成蟲期 (adult). 該寄生蟲以bulla嵌入宿主口腔上皮內, 在病理組織切片的觀察下, 導致病理學上的損傷, 蟲體寄生後造成寄生部位局部發炎, 出血, 緊接著周邊組織纖維化, 細胞間水腫 (spongiosis), 細胞內水腫 (cellular swelling) 及細胞的水樣變性 (hydropic degeneration).

Abstract

This is the first report about symbiotic copepod species (Lernaeopodidae) parasitic on the mouth cavity of the black porgy, Acanthopagrus schlegeli, in Taiwan. Structural details of the antenule, antenna, maxillule, maxilla, maxilliped、the overall body proportions and the relative size of the female’s posterior processes were. Through dissection species identify this parasite is Neobrachiella lutiani (Copepoda: Lernaeopodidae). Application the 18S rDNA is used to analyze the taxonomic relationship among Neobrachiella lutiani parasitic on the Acanthopagrus schlegeli, N. trichiuri trichiuri parasitic on the Trichiurus lepturus, and Eubrachiella sp. parasitic on the Scatophagus argus. The homology percents between N. lutiani and N. trichiuri trichiuri is 98.1%； between N. lutiani and Eubrachiella sp. is 87.4%. Application this specific primer pairs can correctly differentiat the genera of the Lernaeopodidae and arrange family tree of Lernaepopdidae.
Based on continuous observation of developing parasites and intermittent examination of the Acanthopagrus schlegeli,it is confirmed that the postlarva development stages of N. lutiani consist of seven stages: free-swimming nauplius and copepodid, four chalimus stages attached to host by frontal filament, and adult attached to host by bulla. This parasite pierces through the epithelium of the mouth cavity of the host by the bulla, and caused pathological lesions (inflammation, hemorrhage, fibrosis, spongiosis, cellular swelling, hydropic degeneration) on the host, a heavy invasion of the parasite may be fatal to the host.

目錄

中文摘要．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．Ⅰ
英文摘要．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．Ⅱ
誌謝．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．IV
目錄．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．V
前言．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．1
材料與方法．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．6
第一節 種鑑定
1-1 樣品收集．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 6
1-2 解剖繪圖．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 6
1-3 掃描式電子顯微鏡觀察．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 6
1-4 聚合酵素鏈鎖反應．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 8
第二節 宿主代替試驗
2-1 Lernanthropus sp. Adult期感染測試 A．．．．．． 14
2-2 Lernanthropus sp. Copepodid期感染測試 B．．．． 15
第三節 幼生發育階段之研究
3-1 Neobrachiella sp. Copepodid期感染試驗．．．．． 15
3-2 採樣各期蟲體．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 16
3-3 各發育期之形態學描述．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 16
第四節 宿主組織病理學之研究．．．．．．．．．．．．． 17
結果．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．20
第一節 種鑑定
1-1 樣品收集．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．20
1-2 解剖繪圖．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．20
1-3 掃描式電子顯微鏡觀察．．．．．．．．．．．．．．23
1-4 聚合酵素鏈鎖反應．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．25
第二節 宿主代替試驗
2-1 Lernanthropus sp. Adult期感染測試 A．．．．．． 27
2-2 Lernanthropus sp. Copepodid期感染測試 B．．．． 27
第三節 幼生發育階段之研究
3-1 Neobrachiella sp. Copepodid期感染試驗．．．．． 27
3-2 採樣各期蟲體．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 27
3-3 各發育期之形態學描述．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 28
第四節 宿主組織病理學之研究．．．．．．．．．．．．． 41
討論．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．42
參考文獻．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．60
圖目錄索引．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．68
照片．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．1~49
附表．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．72

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