臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

穿戴式裝置的技術日漸成熟，且越來越盛行，不僅方便又可以隨時掌握自身的身體情況，因此藉由行動手環的幫助收集生理數值，並結合主觀的快樂量表，找出大學生的快樂情形。
本研究以大學生為主要研究對象，運用快樂量表來測量學生的快樂分數，並考慮可能影響快樂之生活背景變項和穿戴式裝置收集大學生所測得之生理數值，加入實驗設計的方式量測，利用決策樹建立出快樂的規則，以敘述性統計探討快樂情形與背景變項的關聯性，最終將探討大學生的快樂情形，給予對於生活不快樂的學生適當的建議。

Wearable device technology development, and more popular. Not only convenience but also control own physical condition, so with the help of Wearable bracelet to collect physiological values, combined with the subjective happiness scale to find out the happy situation of college students and master's.
The main research object of this study is college students , using the Happy Scale to measure the student's happy score, and takes into account the living background variables that may affect happiness and wearable devices collect college students of physiological values, add the experimental design to measure, using the decision tree to establish a happy rule. Descriptive statistics to explore the relationship between the happy situation and the background variables, and ultimately will explore the happy situation of higher education students to give unhappy students appropriate advice.

目錄
摘要 i
ABSTRACT ii
目錄 iii
表目錄 vi
圖目錄 ix
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究動機 3
1.2.1 高等教育的普及 3
1.2.2 穿戴科技的普及 3
1.2.3 生理數值收集 4
1.3 研究目的 5
1.4 研究流程 6
第二章 文獻探討 7
2.1 快樂 7
2.1.1 快樂的定義 7
2.1.2 快樂的好處 9
2.2 快樂的因子 10
2.2.1 人口因素 10
2.2.2 人格因素 11
2.2.3 健康生活因素 12
2.3 快樂的量測 13
2.3.1 主觀快樂量測-問卷 13
2.3.2 客觀快樂量測-智慧手環收集生理數值 15
2.4 決策樹 16
2.4.1 CART(Classification and Regression Tree) 16
2.4.2 ID3 (Iterative Dichotomiser 3) 17
2.4.3 C4.5/C5.0 17
2.5 小結 17
第三章 研究方法 18
3.1 研究架構 18
3.2 實驗設計 19
3.2.1 實驗對象 19
3.2.2 實驗影片 19
3.2.3 實驗流程 19
3.3 研究工具 21
3.3.1 個人資料與生活背景變項收集 21
3.3.2 量測問卷 22
3.3.3 行動裝置 22
3.4 倫理議題 23
3.5 資料處理與分析 23
3.5.1 生活背景變項 24
3.5.2 生理數值資料 24
第四章 研究結果 25
4.1 敘述性統計分析 25
4.1.1 牛津幸福感問卷之內部一致性分析 25
4.1.2 快樂與不快樂的類別型統計分析 27
4.1.3 快樂與不快樂的數值型統計分析 28
4.1.4 背景變項的生理數值分析 29
4.2 介入實驗分析 37
4.2.1 基本資料描述 37
4.2.2 介入實驗分析 40
4.2.2.1 觀看快樂影片之成對樣本T檢定 40
4.2.2.2 觀看悲傷影片之成對樣本T檢定 43
4.2.2.3 觀看平淡影片之成對樣本T檢定 46
4.3 建立決策樹 50
第五章 討論 52
5.1 平日活動與快樂之間影響 52
5.2 介入實驗對快樂之間影響 52
第六章 結論與建議 54
6.1 結論 54
6.2 未來研究建議 54
參考文獻 56
中文文獻 56
西文文獻 59
附錄 65
附錄一 背景變項 65
附錄二 快樂量表 66
附錄三 數據收集流程 68
附錄四 同意人體研究證明書 70
附錄五 受測者招募海報 71
附錄六 IRB臨床試驗課程證書 72

中文文獻
1. 孔繁瑩、姚允萍、劉麗娜、李秋潔(2010)。護理本科生幸福感與自我接納的現狀研究。護理研究，24(2)，303-305。
2. 王新(2009)。論人格與幸福。煙台大學學報(哲學社會科學版)，22(3)，8-12。
3. 王駿發、歐陽諺(2015)。幸福感的量測與評估技術。科學發展，509，36-41。
4. 白珊華(2008)。正向生活事件對幸福感、快樂感、自尊感的影響(碩士論文)。取自臺灣博碩士論文系統。
5. 吳建宇(2010)。主觀幸福感量表測量恆等性議題之探討(碩士論文)。取自臺灣博碩士論文系統。
6. 吳思穎、周學雯(2016)。穿戴式裝置應用於運動訓練之探討-以GPS智慧運動錶為例。中華體育季刊，30(1)，39-48。
7. 材料世界網(2014/7/7)。穿戴式裝置引領PCB技術向上提升。取自：http://www.materialsnet.com.tw/DocView.aspx?id=14952
8. 邢占軍(2005)。對主觀幸福感測量的反思。本土心理學研究，24，301-323。
9. 屈寧英(2004)。高中生生活壓力、社會支持、行為模式與幸福感相關性之研究－以台北市立某女子高級中學為例(未出版之碩士論文)。國立台灣師範大學，台北市。
10. 林子雯(1996)。成人學生多重角色與幸福感之相關研究(未出版之碩士論文)。國立高雄師範大學，高雄市。
11. 林獻堂(2015)。建構健康雲端經驗分享：醫院、老人醫學、居家照護、社區醫學與遠距照護整合服務。醫療資訊雜誌，24(5)，103-108。
12. 施建彬(1995)。幸福感來源與相關因素之探討(未出版之碩士論文)。高雄醫學大學，高雄市。
13. 施建彬(2006)。大學生休閒活動參與對幸福感的影響－以大葉大學為例。研究與動態，13，131-144。
14. 徐晟熏(2015)。資料探勘(Data mining)在人力資源管理上的分析與應用(碩士論文)。取自臺灣博碩士論文系統。
15. 財團法人董氏基金會(2015)。國人主觀快樂經驗、生活習慣與憂鬱關聯性調查。取自：http://www.etmh.org/CustomPage/HtmlEditorPage.aspx?MId=1373&ML=3
16. 財團法人董氏基金會心理衛生中心(2012)。2012年全國大學生憂鬱情緒與運動習慣之相關性調查。取自：https://www.jtf.org.tw/psyche/melancholia/survey.asp?This=81&Page=1
17. 教育部統計處(2017a)。歷年大專校院概況表。取自：https://depart.moe.edu.tw/ed4500/cp.aspx?n=1B58E0B736635285&s=D04C74553DB60CAD
18. 教育部統計處(2017b)。歷年15歲以上人口教育程度。取自：https://depart.moe.edu.tw/ed4500/cp.aspx?n=1B58E0B736635285&s=D04C74553DB60CAD
19. 許芷瑜(2013)。台灣地區居民快樂因子之探討(碩士論文)。取自臺灣博碩士論文系統。
20. 陳智揚(2015)。穿戴式科技：科技發展。
21. 陸洛(1998)。中國人幸福感之內涵、測量及相關因素探討。人文及社會科學彙刊，8(1)，115-137。
22. 焦彩娟(2008)。大學生自我接納心裡探析。湖北師範學院學報，25(4)，86-87。
23. 黃長發(2006)。大學生休閒滿意度與幸福感關係之研究。運動休閒餐旅研究，1(1)，25-41。
24. 黃美玲(2015)。穿戴裝置技術與市場趨勢。證券服務，634，100-102。
25. 黃振紅(2011)。大學生休閒態度、休閒體驗與幸福感之關係模式探究。休閒與社會研究，4，23-37。
26. 黃韞臻、林淑惠(2008)。大學生幸福感之組成與比較。國立臺中技術學院學報，9(2)，19-31。
27. 楊中芳(主編)(1997)。性格與社會心理測量總覽(上)--情感篇，台北：遠流。
28. 楊書銘(2014)。穿戴式裝置發展現況與殺手級應用，取自：http://vikingbar.org/2014/10/
29. 楊鄂平、丁愛玲、唐曉東、徐自升、萬強、文智、梁紅霞、李傳東(2007)。大學生健身主觀幸福感的差異性及影響因素。體育學刊，14(8)，83-87。
30. 資策會(2017/3/23)。智慧穿戴創新生活解析智慧穿戴式裝置市場趨勢與創新產品應用。取自：https://www.iii.org.tw/Focus/FocusDtl.aspx?f_type=2&f_sqno=Zdw7bw%2B50oGAn2GA6qArNg__&fm_sqno=13
31. 蕭雅云(2003)。高中生生涯成熟與幸福感之相關研究－以高雄地區為例(未出版之碩士論文)。國立高雄師範大學，高雄市。
32. 謝明宗(譯)(2014)。這一生的幸福計畫(原作者：S. Lyubomirsky)。臺北市：久石文化。(原著出版年：2007)

英文文獻
1. Andrews, F. M., & Withey, S. B. (1976). Social indications of well-being. New York: Plenum.
2. Argyle, M., Martin, M., & Crossland, J. (1989). Happiness as a function of personality and social encounters. In J. P. Forgas, & J. M. Innes (Eds.), Recent advances in social psychology: An international perspective (pp. 189–203). North-Holland: Elsevier.
3. Ariza-Montes, A., Arjona-Fuentes, J. M., Han, H., & Law, R. (2018). The price of success: A study on chefs’subjective well-being, job satisfaction, and human values. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 69, 84-93.
4. Biddle, S. J. H., & Mutrie, N. (2001). Psychology of physical activity-determinants, well-being and interventions. Landon: Roatledge.
5. Blumenthal, J. A., Babyak, M. A., Moore, K. A., Craighead, W. E., Herman, S., Khatri, P., Waugh, R., Napolitano, M. A., Forman, L. M., Appelbaum, M., Doraiswamy, P. M., & Krishnan, K. R. (1999). Effects of Exercise Training on Older Patients With Major Depression. Archives of internal medicine, 159(19), 2349-2356.
6. Boiten,F. A. (1998). The effects of emotional behaviour on components of the respiratory cycle. Biological Psychology, 49, 29-51.
7. Bradburn, N. M. (1969). The structure of psychological well-being. Chicago: Aldine.
8. Breiman, L., Friedman, J., Stone, C. J., & Olshen RA. (1984). Classification and Regression Trees. Chapman and Hall, New York: Wadsworth.
9. Campbell, A., Converse, P. E., & Rodgers, W. L. (1976). The Quality of American Life: Perceptions, Evaluations, and Satisfactions. New York: Russell Sage.
10. Das, A. k. (1983). Meaningfulness as a factor in health. The American Personnel and Guidance Association. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED236449)
11. Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95(3), 542-575.
12. Diener, E. (2000). Subjective Well-Being: The Science of Happiness and a Proposal for a National Index. American Psychologist, 55(1), 34-43.
13. Diener, E., & Biswas-Diener, R. (2002). Will money increase subjective well-being? A literature review and guide to needed research. Social Indicators Research, 57, 119-169.
14. Diener, E., & Chan, M.Y. (2011). Happy people live longer: subjective well-being contributes to health and longevity. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 3(1), 1-43.
15. Diener, E., & Diener, M. (1995). Cross-cultural correlates of life satisfaction and self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68 (4), 653-663.
16. Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71-75.
17. Diener, E., Sandvik, E., & Larsen, R. J. (1985). Age and sex effects for emotional intensity. Developmental Psychology, 21(3), 542-546.
18. Fordyce, M. (1986). The Psychap Inventory: A multi-item test to measure happiness and its concomitants. Social Indicators Research, 18, 1-33.
19. Frey, B. S., & Stutzer, A. (2002). Happiness and Economics. Unite Kingdom: Princeton University.
20. Frey, B. S., & Stutzer, A. (2008). Should national happiness be maximized? In: Working Paper 52306. Institute for Empirical Research in Economics, University of Zurich.
21. Garrido, S., Méndez, I., & Abellán, J.M. (2013). Analysing the simultaneous relationship between life satisfaction and health-related quality of life. Journal of Happiness Studies, 14(6), 1813-1838.
22. Grant, N., Wardle, J., & Steptoe, A. (2009). The relationship between life satisfaction and health behavior: a cross-cultural analysis of young adults. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 16(3), 259-268.
23. Hamdi, H., Richard, P., Suteau, A., & Allain, P. (2012) Emotion assessment for affective computing based on physiological responses. In: 2012 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE), IEEE, 1-8.
24. Headey, B., & Wearing, A. (1990). Subjective well-being and coping with adversity. Social Indicators Research, 22(4), 327-349.
25. Headey, B., & Wearing, A. J. (1992). Understanding happiness: A theory of subjective well-being. Melbourne : Longman Cheshire
26. Hills, P., & Argyle, M. (2002). The Oxford Happiness Questionnaire- a compact scale for the measurement of psychological well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 33, 1073-1082.
27. Keyes, C. L. M., & Magyar-Moe, J. L. (2003). The Measurement and Utility of Adult Subjective Well-Being. In S. J. Lopez and C. R. Snyder (Eds.), Positive Psychological Assessment: A Handbook of Models and Measures (pp. 411-426). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
28. Khalfa, S., Roy, M., Rainville, P., Dalla Bella, S., & Peretz, I. (2008). Role of tempo entrainment in psychophysiological differentiation of happy and sad music? International Journal of Psychophysiology, 68(1), 17-26.
29. Kukolja, D., Popović, S., Horvat, M., Kovač, B., & Ćosić, K. (2014). Comparative analysis of emotion estimation methods based on physiological measurements for real-time applications. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies (Int J Hum Comp Stud), 72(10-11), 717-727.
30. Lewinsohn, P. M., & MacPhillamy, D. J. (1974). The Relationship Between Age and Engagement in Pleasant Activities, Journal of Gerontology, 29(3), 290-294.
31. Li, F., Yang, L., Shi, H., & Liu, C. (2017). Differences in photoplethysmography morphological features and feature time series between two opposite emotions: Happiness and sadness. Artery Research, 18, 7-13.
32. Mitrofan, N., & Bulborea, A. (2013). The Role of Organizational Communication in Structuring Interpersonal Relationships. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 76, 511-515.
33. Mroczek, D. K., & Spiro, A. III. (2005). Changes in Life Satisfaction during Adulthood: Findings from the Veterans Affairs Normative Aging Study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88(1), 189-202.
34. Myers, D. G., & Diener, E. (1995). Who is happy? Psychological Science, 6, 10-19.
35. Neugarten, B. L., Havighurst, R. J., & Tobin, S. S. (1961). The measurement of life satisfaction. Journal of Gerontology, 16, 134-143.
36. Noll, R. (1996). Peer relationships and emotional well-being of youngsters with sick cell disease. Child Development, 67, 423-436.
37. Picard, RW., Vyzas, E., & Healey, J. (2001). Toward machine emotional intelligence: analysis of affective physiological state. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell, 23(10), 1175-1191.
38. Piqueras, J. A., Kuhne, W., Vera-Villarroel, P., Van Straten, A., & Cuijpers, P. (2011). Happiness and health behaviours in Chilean college students: A cross-sectional survey. BMC Public Health, 11, 443-452.
39. Quinlan,J. R. (1986). Induction of decision trees. Machine Learning, 1(1), 81-106.
40. Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069-1081.
41. Schiffrin, H. H., & Nelson, S. K. (2010). Stressed and happy? Investigating the relationship between happiness and perceived stress. Journal of Happiness Studies, 11(1), 33-39.
42. Shek, D. T. L. (1997). The Relation of Family Functioning to Adolescent Psychological Well-Being, School Adjustment, and Problem Behavior. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 158(4), 467-479.
43. Siu, O.L., Cheung, F., & Lui, S. (2015). Linking positive emotions to work well-being and turnover intention among Hong Kong police officers: the role of psychological capital. Journal of Happiness Studies, 16(2), 367-380.
44. Sivik, T., & Rose, G. (1994). Gender, psychological well-being and somatic cardiovascular risk factors. Integrative Physiological & Behavioral Science, 29, 423-450.
45. Spreitzer, E., & Snyder, E. E. (1974). Correlates of Life Satisfaction Among the Aged. Journal of Gerontology, 29(4), 454-458.
46. Steel, P., Schmidt, J., & Schultz, J. (2008). Refining the relationship between personality and subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 134(1), 138-161.
47. Straume, L.V., & Vittersø, J., (2015). Well-being at work: some differences between life satisfaction and personal growth as predictors of subjective health and sick leave. Journal of Happiness Studies, 16(1), 149-168.
48. Takahashi, K., Namikawa, S-y., & Hashimoto, M. (2012). Computational emotion recognition using multimodal physiological signals: elicited using Japanese kanji
words. In: 2012 35th International Conference on Telecommunications and Signal Processing (TSP), IEEE, 615-620.
49. Tso, G. K., & Yau, K. K. (2007). Predicting electricity energy consumption: A comparison of regression analysis, decision tree and neural networks. Energy, 32(9), 1761-1768.
50. Veenhoven, R. (1994). Is happiness a trait? Social Indicators Research, 32(2), 101-160.
51. Veenhoven, R. (2008). Healthy happiness: effects of happiness on physical health and the consequences for preventive health care. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9(3), 449-469.
52. Wientjes, CJ. E. (1992). Respiration in psychophysiology: methods and applications. Biological Psychology, 34(2-3), 179-203.
53. Zhou, F., Qu, X., Helander, M. G., & Jiao, J. (2011). Affect prediction from physiological measures via visual stimuli. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 69(12), 801-819.Veenhoven, R., (2008). Healthy happiness: effects of happiness on physical health and the consequences for preventive health care. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9(3), 449-469.