臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

苦瓜籽中主要油脂成分為共軛三烯次亞麻油酸(9c, 11t, 13t-congugated linolenic acid, CLN)，其次是硬脂酸與共軛雙鍵的亞麻油酸等不飽和脂肪酸。傳統使用有機溶劑進行油脂萃取易有溶劑殘留的問題，不符合我國「食品添加物使用範圍及限量暨規格標準」的規定。本研究工作將採用超臨界二氧化碳萃取苦瓜籽中的油脂成分，萃取過程中減少溶劑使用量並同時回收二氧化碳，希望能夠達到環保無害的目標。
本研究針對乾燥苦瓜籽進行超臨界二氧化碳萃取研究，並探討輔溶劑濃度(0~13.63%)、壓力(20~35 MPa)、溫度(40~60 ℃)、以及二氧化碳流速(30~60 g/min)等參數對產油率的影響，最後利用Sovova方程式完成了萃取動力學的擬合與萃取機制的探討。結果顯示，溫度效應方面，在60℃下進行萃取時，產油率最高，但是在40℃下萃取時，前期可得到較高濃度的CLN；壓力效應方面，操作在35MPa時產油率最高，但是操作在20MPa時，可獲得較高的CLN；二氧化碳流速並未對萃取率有明顯影響；添加乙醇作為輔溶劑可提高苦瓜籽的產油率，但主要產物為硬脂酸；如果在40℃及20MPa的條件下單純以二氧化碳進行萃取，可獲得富含CLN的苦瓜籽油。

The high level of 9cis, 11trans, 13trans-conjugated linolenic acid (9c,11t,13t-CLN) is the main oil ingredient discovered in bitter melon seeds. Other secondary oil ingredients includeunsaturated fatty acids with stearic acid and conjugated double bonds linoleic acid. Opposite to traditional solvent extraction which leaves residue in the final products, this works focuses on using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) for the advantages of low temperature, high extraction efficiency and recycled carbon dioxide solvent in hope to achieve a greener solution.In this work, bitter melon seeds were taken as experimental material for extraction and the extraction efficiency was investigated by using different operation conditions. The parameters contain extraction temperature, pressure, flow rate of carbon dioxide, extraction time, and the holding time. The results show that much more compounds with mixed ingredients were obtained from the extraction when the temperature of the extractor is controlled at 50℃ and the pressure set as 35MPa. It is also observed that the flow rate of carbon dioxide was not a crucial factor in extracting oil from bitter melon seeds. Using ethanol as cosolvent may help the productivity but does not generate high concentration CLN bitter melon seed oil.
The results prove that SFE is a novel option to extract chemical components from bitter melon seed quickly and efficiently, making SFE the foundation for the research of chemical composition in the future.

摘要………………………………….……………………………………………Ⅲ
Abstract…………………………………………………………………………Ⅳ
致謝………………………………………………………………………………Ⅴ
目錄………………………………………………………………………………Ⅵ
圖目錄…………………………………………………………………………….Ⅷ
表目錄…………………………………………………………………………….Ⅸ
第一章、研究目的………………………………………………………………1
第二章、文獻回顧………………………………………………………………2
2.1 苦瓜籽……………………………………………………………………2
2.1-1 苦瓜籽簡介………………………………………………………2
2.1-2 苦瓜籽油甲酯化方法及其成分分析……………………………3
2.2 超臨界流體………………………………………………………………5
2.2-1 超臨界流體簡介…………………………………………………5
2.2-2 超臨界流體萃取…………………………………………………9
2.3-3 超臨界流體萃取動力學研究…………………………………12
第三章、材料與設備……………………………………………………………15
3.1 原料……………………………………………………………………15
3.2 分析方法……………………………………………………………16
3.3 甲酯化方法……………………………………………………………17
3.4 超臨界流體萃取設備與實驗方法……………………………………18
第四章、結果與討論……………………………………………………………23
4.1 操作條件對苦瓜籽油產率的影響……………………………………25
4.1-1 輔溶劑效應……………………………………………………25
4.1-2 壓力效應………………………………………………………25
4.1-3 溫度效應………………………………………………………26
4.1-4 流速效應………………………………………………………27
4.2 萃取過程的脂肪酸分佈………………………………………………28
4.2-1 輔溶劑濃度對脂肪酸分佈之影響……………………………29
4.2-2 溫度、壓力以及二氧化碳流速對脂肪酸分佈之影響………30
第五章、結論……………………………………………………………………34
參考文獻…………………………………………………………………………36

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