臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

五氯酚(PCP)為一含氯之苯環化合物。其廣泛地被使用於木材、皮革等之防腐，並普遍地存在於煉焦、煉油、石化等工業廢水中。因為五氯酚化學性質安定並具有高毒性，一旦散佈在環境中將造成長期的環境污染。本研究係探討生物處理方式來整治五氯酚污染的可行性。結果顯示除吸附現象外，現場土壤菌液組(好氧培養) 經過90天後可將五氯酚降解完(0.62 mg/L/day)。外加醋酸鈉、糖蜜及污泥餅可以增加五氯酚降解速率(醋酸鈉:4.15 mg/L/day、糖蜜:1.05 mg/L/day、污泥餅:0.83 mg/L/day)。但其餘各組，包括好氧污泥組、厭氧污泥組、現場土壤(厭氧培養) 組、及鐵還原組，無論是否外加碳源在各自經過長達135、174、250和124天後五氯酚皆無降解。在篩選現場土壤後，分離純化出一株能以五氯酚做為唯一碳源的菌株，經鑑定後和Pseudomonas mendocina有98%相似度，菌株名稱定為Pseudomonas mendocina NSYSU。Pseudomonas mendocina NSYSU在40 ppm五氯酚下降解速率為9.33 mg/L/day，降解延滯期隨著五氯酚濃度上升而增加。在五氯酚濃度達320 mg/L時，儘管Pseudomonas mendocina NSYSU仍可存活，其分解五氯酚能力卻被完全抑制。添加醋酸鈉及葡萄糖時五氯酚降解速率各為8.11 mg/L/day、7.55 mg/L/day，顯示添加該碳源並無法促進五氯酚降解。由各種環境因子影響五氯酚降解的實驗得知，分解五氯酚最適條件為:30℃、pH 6及好氧條件。為了進一步了解五氯酚降解時所產生代謝物的情形，在五氯酚降解時以GC-MASS偵測代謝產物並同時檢測氯離子濃度。實驗第6天，可以GC-MASS偵測到五氯酚之代謝產物為醋酸，同時溶液中氯離子濃度增加21.8 mg/L，與實驗初始五氯酚所含總氯量(66.6%)相當。此結果顯示五氯酚可為Pseudomonas mendocina NSYSU完全分解。

Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is a chloride-containing aromatic compound which is mostly used for preserving wood and leather, but still one can easily detect this compound present in the waste water generated by various industries such as petrifaction, oil-refining, and etc. PCP, due to its chemical property of being stable and highly toxic, would cause severe and irreparable environmental pollution once exposed to open air. This study is intended to explore the feasibility of dealing the problem of PCP with biodegradation. The examination results showed that, except for absorption, the suspension of contaminated soil (aerobic incubation), nonetheless, could effectively degrade PCP during a period of 90 days without the aid of any extra carbon source. (0.62 mg/L/day). The degradation rate was further greatly improved by adding sodium acetate, molasses, and sludge cake (sodium acetate added: 4.15 mg/L/day; molasses added: 1.05 mg/L/day; sludge cake added:0.83 mg /L/day). None of four experimental groups of aerobic sludge, anaerobic sludge, contaminated soil (anaerobic incubation), and Fe3+reaction could degrade PCP after 135 days, 174 days, 250 days, and 124 days, respectively, regardless of whether any sources of carbon were added or not. A bacterium which used PCP as the sole carbon source was isolated from the contaminated soil. After 16s rDNA sequence analysis, it had 98% degree of similarity to Pseudomonas mendocina and was designated as Pseudomonas mendocina NSYSU. The PCP (40 mg/L) degradation rate of Pseudomonas mendocina NSYSU was 9.33 mg/L/day, and the degradation rate would slow down as PCP concentration increased. At a PCP concentration of 320 mg/L, PCP degradation was completely inhibited, although an active population of Pseudomonas mendocina NSYSU was still present in these cultures. The study also indicated that the addition of various carbon sources such as sodium acetate and glucose did not facilitate the degradation of PCP with the degradation rate of 8.11 mg/L/day for sodium acetate, and that of 7.55 mg/L/day for glucose. Analysis from examining several environmental factors showed that the optimal condition for PCP degradation is that of 30℃, pH6, and in the presence of oxygen. The end products of PCP degradation were detected by GC-MS. After 6 days of incubation, PCP was gradually disappeared and the metabolic intermediate product, acetic acid was detected. The chloride ion concentration also increased by 21.8 mg/L, which is approximately equal to the original total chloride content in PCP (66% of chloride content). In conclusion, PCP could be effectively and completely degraded by Pseudomonas mendocina NSYSU.

中文摘要………………………………………………………I
英文摘要…………………………………………………….III
第一章前 言…………………………………………………1
第二章材料與方法………………………………………..13
第三章結果………………………………………………..37
第四章討論………………………………………………..48
第五章結論………………………………………………..62
圖 表………………………………………………………..64
參考文獻……………………………………………………109

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