臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究利用牛糞於50~80℃篩選具活性尖峰產氫特性之共生菌群作為植種來源，並以都市下水道污泥為該菌群之營養源，從而轉化都市廢棄物中之生質部分。控制原料含水率80%進行固態發酵，藉此發展出高產氫轉換率與無酸液廢水之產氫系統。本研究將溫度控制作為產氫菌篩選因子，在產氫過程中得以抑制甲烷菌生長，並可排除傳統中溫液態產氫發酵過程中產出之副產物，如脂肪酸、乙酸、丙酸及丁酸等。
本研究採50、55、60、65、70、75及80℃等七系列恆溫溫度控制，在2.5L厭氧發酵槽進行批次高溫固態發酵，於80小時內均完成產氫生長週期，較傳統中溫液態發酵產氫期程長達數週甚至數月，具有較佳之管控優勢。實驗結果顯示：實施60℃系列高溫固態發酵，有明顯的二次尖峰生長週期，產氫累積量最高且其氫氣濃度維持在60%以上，比氫產生率及比氫轉換率亦相對較高，分別為39 (mL-H2/g-VS) 及 17.65(g-H2/g-H of VS，%)；而pH 的變化趨勢，在七個系列高溫發酵期間均維持在4.5~7之間，對實驗則無顯著影響性，可推論無繼續酸化產生酸性物質或酸性廢液等二次污染問題。

This research focus on cow manure as symbiotic bacteria as planting that cultures active hydrogen production characteristics between 50 and 80°C, more and more, the manucipial sweage sludge as substrate as nutrition source convese into the biomass. Controlling the moisture littler than 80% cultures the solid sate fermentation to develop the hydrogen production system with high conversate rate and non acidic-liquid waste. This study siezes the hydrogen production bacteria by temperature controlling, which can inhibit the growth of the methonogenious during the hydrogen yield, as well as, it can eliminate the by-products, voltaic fat acid, in the conventional mesophilic fermentation process such as acetic, propanoic and butyric, etc.
This study adapt 2.5 litter anaerobic fermenter to batch thermophilic solid state fermentation by seven kinds thermostatic series in 50 ,55 ,60 ,65 ,70 ,75 ,and 80°C, respectively. Every hydrogen production growth period all completed within 80 hours, which have better management merits than conventional monderate iquid fermentation period for weeks or even months. The demonstrate show that the 60℃ series thermophilic solid state fermentation has obviously two peak growth periods, the accumulate hydrogen production is the highest and the hydrogen concentration keep it higher than 60%. The specific hydrogen yield and the specific hydrogen conversation rate were 39 (mL-H2/g-VS) and 17.65(g-H2/g-H of VS，%), respectively. Much more, aforementioned seven kinds thermostatic series’s pH is maintained between 4.5 and 7, which show that no obviously effect in the thermophilic solid state fermentation, as the result, it can infer that there is no duplicative pollution as continuous acidification or acid waste production.

摘 要......................................................................................................................i
Abstract .................................................................................................................. ii
誌 謝................................................................................................................... iii
目 錄................................................................................................................... iv
圖目錄................................................................................................................... vi
表目錄................................................................................................................. viii
一、 緒論...............................................................................................................1
1.1 研究動機.....................................................................................................................1
1.2 研究目的.....................................................................................................................2
二、 文獻回顧.......................................................................................................3
2.1 能源需求.....................................................................................................................3
2.2 生物產氫.....................................................................................................................7
2.2.1 厭氧發酵產氫程序..........................................................................................7
2.2.2 厭氧生物產氫機制..........................................................................................8
2.3 固態高溫發酵產氫提升...........................................................................................12
2.4 溫度、pH對菌種產氫之影響..................................................................................14
2.4.1 溫度................................................................................................................14
2.4.2 pH值................................................................................................................15
三、 研究方法與步驟.........................................................................................16
3.1 研究之流程...............................................................................................................16
3.2 實驗材料...................................................................................................................18
3.2.1 牛糞成份之特徵............................................................................................19
3.2.2 廚餘成份........................................................................................................22
v
3.2.3 活性污泥來源及特性....................................................................................23
3.2.4 鹿沼土............................................................................................................24
3.3 實驗方法與步驟.......................................................................................................26
3.3.1 實驗方法........................................................................................................26
3.3.2 實驗步驟........................................................................................................27
3.4 實驗設備...................................................................................................................29
3.4.1 設備................................................................................................................29
3.5 實驗分析...................................................................................................................32
3.5.1 植種和基質成份分析....................................................................................32
3.5.2 氣體分析........................................................................................................35
3.5.3 分析流程........................................................................................................36
3.6 比氫產生率、比氫轉換率與Rate、Ravg ...............................................................37
四、 結果與討論.................................................................................................38
4.1 pH、溫度對固態發酵產氫率的影響.......................................................................38
4.2 溫度對氣體產生率和產氫濃度的影響...................................................................48
4.3 溫度對固態發酵產氫率之比較...............................................................................57
4.4 溫度對固態發酵產氫累積產出的比較...................................................................62
4.5 溫度對固態發酵產氫濃度的比較...........................................................................67
4.6 溫度對批次固態發酵產氫之綜合討論...................................................................69
五、 結論與建議.................................................................................................72
5.1 結論...........................................................................................................................72
5.2 建議...........................................................................................................................73
參考文獻...............................................................................................................74

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所碩士論文(2009)