臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文旨在研究應用於感應加熱系統之電路設計，並使其具備定溫度和定功率控制之功能。本文所提電路是以串聯諧振為主結構，且設計具有柔性切換和負載阻抗監控功能之系統，藉此提高整體系統運轉效能。再者，由於感應加熱過程中先天的負載變化特性，造成系統之諧振點改變，影響電路之最佳效能，因此，本論文已於微控制器中利用輸出電壓及電流之回授訊號，完成鎖相控制之功能，使得加熱過程中之電路諧振點得以被精確管理，並透過上述鎖相控制之功能，將切換頻率和輸出功率之關係作為線性函數，進而達成定功率控制。同時本文為驗證所提之電路和方法具有可行性，進行電路模型推導、分析和實際驗證，由實驗結果可看出，本論文所提之感應加熱系統可提供高頻工業驅動系統設計研製參考。

關鍵字：感應加熱、換流器、定溫度控制、定功率控制

This thesis is aimed at developing the hardware circuit with constant temperature and constant power controls for an induction heating system. In the circuit, a series resonance is served as the main structure with the capabilities of soft-switching and load-impedance monitoring such that the system operation efficiency can be improved. In addition, based on the resonant current and voltage feedback implementation, a phase-locked loop (PLL) has also been developed for much precise resonant management under each heating step. Besides, via the developed PLL circuit to formulate the relationships between the output power and switching frequency as a linear function, the output power of system can be then controlled and becomes insensitive to load temperature variations. In order to solidify the practicality of this circuit design, mathematical analyses and experimental validations have been thoroughly performed. Test results help confirm the effectiveness of the method, demonstrating its feasibility and practicality for high-frequency drive industry applications.

Keywords: Induction heating, inverter, constant temperature control, constant power control.

摘要 iv
Abstract v
致謝 vi
目次 vii
表目次 xi
圖目次 xiii
符號說明 xvii
第一章 緒論 1
1-1 研究背景及動機 1
1-2 論文回顧與研究內容 2
1-3 內容大綱 4
第二章 感應加熱原理探討與系統設計 5
2-1 簡介 5
2-2 電磁效應(Electromagnetic effect) 6
2-2-1 集膚效應(Skin effect) 6
2-2-2 邊界效應(Boundary effect) 8
2-2-3 鄰近效應(Proximity effect) 8
2-3 感應加熱負載之特徵分析 8
2-3-1 感應加熱負載之電阻係數 8
2-3-2 感應加熱負載之導磁係數 9
2-3-3 感應加熱負載之溫度分布 11
2-4 感應加熱負載之等效模型 12
2-5 感應加熱換流器之設計與探討 14
2-5-1 相移式全橋換流器之時序分析 14
2-5-2 功率電晶體種類介紹 19
2-5-3 柔性切換技術 20
2-5-4 串聯諧振電路介紹及分析 22
第三章 感應加熱系統之控制策略 24
3-1簡介 24
3-2全橋相移控制元件 24
3-2-1 切換頻率設定 26
3-2-2 輸出相位移 27
3-2-3 空乏時間 28
3-3 鎖相控制方法及電路實現 29
3-4 定功率控制方法及策略 31
3-4-1 定功率控制方法一：頻率調變 32
3-4-2 定功率控制方法二：相移式脈波寬度調變 35
3-5 溫度控制方法 36
3-5-1 熱電耦 37
3-5-2 溫度控制電路 39
第四章 系統軟硬體電路規劃性與其保護策略 42
4-1 簡介 42
4-2 微控制器與周邊介面應用 43
4-2-1 Microchip 微控制器 43
4-2-2 數位類比轉換晶片 44
4-2-3 微控制器與人機介面連結 45
4-3 智能化平台與監控策略 46
4-4 負載特徵分析 48
4-4-1 負載參數取樣與策略 48
4-4-2 負載之阻抗分析 49
4-4-3 負載之功率分析 52
4-4-4 負載之品質因數分析 52
4-5 系統之保護策略 53
4-5-1 市電端頻率異常保護電路 54
4-5-2 市電端過電壓保護電路 55
4-5-3 功率晶體過電壓保護電路 56
4-5-4 功率晶體過電流保護電路 59
4-5-5 負載端過電壓/過電流保護機制 61
4-5-6 負載端功率異常保護機制 62
4-5-7 光耦合隔離驅動電路 63
第五章 實驗結果 65
5-1 簡介 65
5-2 柔性切換之功能驗證 67
5-3 鎖相控制之功能驗證 68
5-4 溫度控制之功能驗證 70
5-4-1 溫度控制之相移式脈波寬度調變 70
5-4-2 溫度控制之頻率調變 72
5-5 定功率控制之功能驗證 73
5-5-1 微控制器之定功率控制 74
5-5-2 定功率控制之相移式脈波寬度調變驗證 77
5-5-3 定功率控制之頻率控制驗證 93
5-6 負載特徵分析之功能驗證 107
第六章 結論與未來研究方向 112
6-1 結論 112
6-2 未來研究方向 113
參考文獻 114

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