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研究生:劉怡里
研究生(外文):Yi-Li Liu
論文名稱:以RAPD方法分析台灣產樹蛙屬樹蛙之族群遺傳結構
論文名稱(外文):Analysis of population genetic structure of genus Rhacophorus in Taiwan using RAPD markers
指導教授:林曜松林曜松引用關係
指導教授(外文):Yao-Sung Lin
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:國立臺灣大學
系所名稱:動物學研究所
學門:生命科學學門
學類:生物學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2000
畢業學年度:88
語文別:中文
論文頁數:100
中文關鍵詞:逢機增殖多型性去氧核糖核酸片段樹蛙屬樹蛙族群遺傳結構基因異質度基因多樣性
外文關鍵詞:RAPDgenus Rhacophoruspopulation genetic structureheterozygositygenetic diversity
相關次數:
  • 被引用被引用:9
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  • 收藏至我的研究室書目清單書目收藏:3
台灣產樹蛙屬樹蛙共有五種,均為台灣特有種,其中除了莫氏樹蛙為泛島分布,翡翠樹蛙、橙腹樹蛙、諸羅樹蛙及台北樹蛙均為侷限分布。樹蛙的活動性不強,且有重回原生殖地繁殖的習性,是否樹蛙會因此而被隔離於各個棲地內造成族群分化,是值得被探討的!本實驗利用RAPD(random amplified polymorphic DNA)技術來分析樹蛙屬每種樹蛙之族群結構及族群親緣關係,並探討遺傳變異是否與地理隔離有關,中央山脈是否會造成阻隔,並比較每種樹蛙之族群分化形態。
本研究以不同的逢機引子分別對五種樹蛙進行RAPD試驗,將所得之RAPD片段的型態及基因座對偶基因的頻率分別來推測每種樹蛙之族群親緣關係及遺傳結構。以基因座多形性來看,除了橙腹樹蛙之外,其他的樹蛙均偵測到50個以上有變異的基因座。以異基因型合子期望值及Shannon’s index來分析除了橙腹樹蛙外的樹蛙屬樹蛙之遺傳變異,發現四種樹蛙之遺傳變異程度均高,族群內與族群間之基因異質度相似,族群內之基因多樣性比例均高於族群間,而以Shannon´s index與AMOVA分析,發現遺傳變異大部分分布於族群內。
由個體及族群親緣關係樹推測四種樹蛙之族群地理親緣關係。翡翠樹蛙三個族群中,地理距離較近且同一水系的族群,其親緣關係較近;由於翡翠樹蛙族群間基因交流頻繁,且分布範圍狹小,基因異質度較其他樹蛙高。莫氏樹蛙十五個族群以中央山脈為界,分為東、西兩個系統,且西部系統的遺傳變異低於東部系統。東部系統又因海岸山脈的阻隔,使位於海岸山脈東部的靜浦、東河族群,與其他族群有分化的產生。諸羅樹蛙五個族群分群不明顯,顯示族群內與族群間之個體基因交流的情形非常頻繁,除了位於較北的葉子寮族群外,其他族群之分化程度不大。台北樹蛙六個族群可分成北部與中部系統,北部系統的遺傳變異大於中部系統;而位於兩個系統中間地帶的族群-石門水庫及福山,其遺傳分化程度低,遺傳變異較高,顯示此區的基因交流頻繁,可能為北部與中部系統基因交流的走廊。
因RAPD技術易偵測到族群所產生的遺傳變異,結果發現四種樹蛙的每隻個體均有其獨特的表現型,且每種樹蛙種內之基因異質度均高於20﹪,顯示四種樹蛙之族群結構尚未遭受嚴重的破壞,但部份族群已有分化的現象。目前翡翠樹蛙、莫氏樹蛙及台北樹蛙已被列為保育類野生動物,因此本研究結果可應用於保育政策。
摘要 i
壹、前言 1
貳、材料與方法 6
一、樣本採集 6
二、萃取DNA 6
三、逢機增殖多形性去氧核糖核酸片段 8
四、RAPD資料分析 9
參、結果 15
一、逢機引子之篩選 15
二、每種樹蛙之核酸片段多形性 15
三、個體及族群之遺傳距離 19
四、個體及族群之親緣關係樹 22
五、AMOVA分析 25
六、遺傳變異 26
肆、討論 33
一、實驗方法 33
二、每種樹蛙之核酸多樣性 33
三、族群地理親緣關係 35
四、遺傳變異之比較 40
五、RAPD技術對保育政策的影響 41
伍、結論 43
陸、引用文獻 44
表 52
圖 80
附錄 89
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