臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本實驗以酸性觸媒(Amberlyst-70)進行甘油與正丁醇醚化與脫水反應。將產物與標準品進行氣相層析分析儀(GC)及氣相層析質譜儀(GC/MS)檢測並與NIST資料庫比對，確定以下成分有：1-丁烯(1-Butene, 1B)、正丁醇(n-Butanol, NB)、二丁醚(Di-n-Butyl Ether, DBE)、仲丁基醚(1-Sec-butoxybutane, SBOB)、單正丁基甘油醚(Mono-n-Butyl Glycerol Ethers, MBGEs)、雙正丁基甘油醚(Di-n-Butyl Glycerol Ethers, DBGEs)、甘油(Glycerol, GLY)與水。
反應後產物含水量9%，經由Dean-Stark裝置除水後有機物含水量為0.15%。由已知DBE、NB其十六烷值為95、18與SBOB、MBGEs與DBGEs其十六烷值之推估為60，根據無水的有機產物組成估算油品十六烷值可達60以上，因而可作為柴油增加十六烷值的添加劑。
實驗結果顯示在正丁醇與甘油莫爾比為4：1、反應溫度200℃、反應時間為10小時、轉軸轉速1000rpm及觸媒量為甘油之10wt.%操作條件下，反應後得到最高甘油轉化率98%。

The dehydration and etherification reactions of glycerol with n-butyl using Amberlyst 70 acid catalyst were performed. Using commercial standards and the databank of NIST as the references, the components of the product mixture identified using GC and GC/MS contained 1-butene (1B), n-butanol (NB), di-n-butyl ether (DBE), 1-Sec-butoxybutane (SBOB), mono n-butyl glycerol ethers (MBGEs), di-n-butyl glycerol ethers (DBGEs), glycerol (GLY) and water.
9% water in the product mixture was reduced to 0.15% using the Dean-Stark apparatus. The cetane number (CN) of the resulting organic product was estimated to be higher than 60 using the known values of CN for DBE and NB (95 and 18 respectively) and the estimated CN value for ethers (around 60) and can be used as a diesel additive.
The highest conversion of glycerol (98%) was achieved at the operating conditions were at 4:1 molar ratio of n-butanol to glycerol, temperature 200℃, 10 hours, catalyst 10 wt% of the loaded glycerol.

謝辭I
中文摘要II
AbstractIII
目錄IV
圖目錄VI
表目錄VIII
第一章 前言1
第二章 實驗11
2.1 實驗藥品介紹11
2.2 實驗流程12
2.3 正丁醇與甘油反應之產物檢測分析23
2.4 正丁醇與甘油反應之除水產物檢測分析36
第三章 結果與討論38
3.1 正丁醇與甘油莫爾比2：1之產物成分含量38
3.2 正丁醇與甘油莫爾比4：1之產物成分含量40
3.3 正丁醇與甘油莫爾比2：1與4：1之反應轉化率、產率及選擇率比較42
3.4 產物成分之十六烷值估算45
第四章 結論47
參考文獻49
附錄53

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