臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

熱滲流為溫度梯度而產生的流動，此流動在多孔物質材料中已被研究探討多年，迄今仍沒有完整且通用的模型與機制。同樣因溫度梯度產生物質流現象的膠體粒子熱泳研究中指出，將膠體粒子固定於一溫度梯度中，該粒子的周圍會產生一流動稱為滑移流，其方向與該粒子本身熱泳方向相反，但此文獻中並未對滑移流作直接的量測。本實驗希望利用在平板表面製造一溫度梯度，進而了解溫度梯度所造成的流動與多孔物質材料中的熱滲流、膠體粒子表面之滑移流間的關聯性及成因。本實驗著重於表面性質對於該流動所產生的影響，研究方法為對基材表面作氧電漿表面改質及改變其表面電荷密度，觀察不同表面特性所對應的流動情形，並且利用二氧化矽粒子來追蹤因基材表面溫度梯度而產生流場現象。在本實驗的主要結果中，當基材表面巨觀的接觸角不同時，其因溫度梯度而產生的表面流動現象也會有所不同，並且隨著表面親水程度越強(接觸角越小)，其流動速度會逐漸變小，甚至發生流動方向相反(原流動方向為低溫至高溫)的情形。熱滲流相關文獻中提及，不同多孔薄膜其形成的熱滲流方向相反，在疏水薄膜上其流動由低溫流向高溫；膠體粒子熱泳中，聚苯乙烯粒子表面疏水，其熱泳方向由高溫處往低溫移動，若其表面確實有所謂滑移流，則該流動方向由低溫流向高溫，這些結果皆與本實驗相符，因此溫度梯度而產生的物質流動，確實與表面性質有極大的相關。

Thermophoresis is a phenomenon when there exists a temperature gradient, and it would cause a matter flow. Previous research on thermophoresis suggests that it is caused by the slip flow which has been observed around particles. When a particle is fixed in an area with a temperature gradient, the flow happens in the opposite direction against thermophoresis. However, the research does not go any further and does not suggest how and why slip flow is generated. We are interested in if these two phenomena caused by the temperature gradient alike are related. If a particle is huge enough, a tiny part of the surface can be treated as a plane. Thus, the problem can be simplified and we need to consider what happens in the solid-liquid interface. In addition, slip flow is equivalent to thermos-osmosis which is defined as the flow generated by temperature gradient in the interface. The results shows that the wettability has a significant effect on the flow: here in after, the contact angle is used as the index of wettability. When θ = 30∘, driving forces equilibrated and no flow occurred. When θ > 30∘, the flow from the cold side to the hot side occurred. Reversely when θ < 30∘, the flow from the hot side to the cold side occurred. This result accords with the research of thermos-osmosis in porous materials. In addition, changing the property of particle surface shows that the direction of thermophoresis is related to its surface property. Hydrophobic PS (polystyrene) particle escapes from hot side in usual. Neither thermophoresis nor thermos-osmosis have been understand fully and almost do experiment indirectly. In our research, thermos-osmosis would not only follow the prediction but also thermophoresis. This suggest will make the research on the mechanism of thermophoresis simpler.

口試委員會審定書 I
致謝 II
中文摘要 III
ABSTRACT IV
目錄 V
圖目錄 VIII
表目錄 XII
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 熱滲流 2
1.3 膠體粒子 7
1.3.1 電雙層模型 8
1.4 熱泳(THERMOPHORESIS) 10
1.4.1 膠體粒子熱泳概述 13
1.4.2 膠體粒子表面之熱滲流 18
1.5 固液界面 19
1.5.1 電漿表面改質 22
1.6 研究動機 23
第二章 實驗材料、儀器與樣本設計 24
2.1 流場追蹤用膠體粒子 24
2.1.1 二氧化矽粒子 24
2.1.2 聚苯乙烯粒子 25
2.2 氧化銦錫(INDIUM TIN OXIDE) 26
2.3 BCECF螢光分子 27
2.4 RHODAMINE 6G 29
2.5 聚二甲基矽氧烷(PDMS) 30
2.6 熱源光路設計 30
2.6.1 紅外雷射與藍光LED 32
2.6.2 攝影機 33
2.7 實驗樣本裝置設計 33
2.7.1 改變固體表面特性 34
2.7.2 改變溶液濃度與種類 37
第三章 實驗流程與分析方法 39
3.1 實驗流程與樣本製作 39
3.1.1 表面親疏水性質 39
3.1.2 表面熱滲流 39
3.1.3 表面吸附測試 40
3.1.4 電滲流表面電性判斷 41
3.1.5 增加表面電荷密度 41
3.1.6 改變溶液種類 41
3.2 影像剪輯及流場速度分析 42
3.2.1 實驗影像擷取 42
3.2.2 計算追蹤粒子速度 42
3.2.3 實驗裝置腔體內溫度測量 43
第四章 實驗結果與討論 47
4.1 氧電漿表面改質 47
4.1.1 流場流速量測位置與溫度梯度 47
4.1.2 不同雷射功率 47
4.1.3 清洗改質後氧化銦錫表面 48
4.1.4 維持親水程度 49
4.1.5 不同氧電漿改質處理時間 51
4.1.6 不同表面親疏水程度 52
4.1.7 不同基板材質熱滲流 55
4.2 實驗結果討論 58
4.2.1 不同紅外雷射波長產生之溫度場 58
4.2.2 氧電漿表面處理之特性變化 61
4.2.3 增加表面電荷密度 66
4.2.4 表面熵值推算 69
4.2.5 表面張力估算 71
4.2.6 不同液體種類與濃度(氯化鈉溶液、乙醇-水混合溶液) 74
第五章 結論與未來展望 77
第六章 參考文獻 78

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