臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

太陽能發電系統可概略分為市電併聯型與獨立型兩種。本文主要是討論獨立型太陽能系統應用時所面臨的問題。太陽能電池易受模組匹配、遮陰等因素造成系統發電不如預期；而儲能系統多以電池代表，適當的電池管理系統可增加電池使用壽命，進而增進太陽能系統應用之可靠度。本研究採用新穎的分散式太陽能發電架構，各片太陽能板將各接一組直流電壓轉換器，使各片獨立運作不受其他模組影響；儲能元件以成本考量下使用的是鉛酸電池。考慮鉛酸電池組各顆電池本身充放電特性差異時造成電量儲存不均，長期下來電池損壞的機率會升高，故整合電池均衡充電技術以均勻每個電池電量，從而提高了電池的壽命。
　　實驗驗證分為二階段，先以定電流的方式測試均衡充電系統，再將分散式太陽能發電與均衡充電技術整合測試。依實驗結果，吾人提出一簡單的充電與均充邏輯，整合於獨立式太陽能發電系統。相關成果，未來除了可供偏遠地區獨立型太陽能電力使用，也可協助太陽能輔助電力載具之發展。

The photovoltaic energy system is divided into grid-connection type and stand-alone type. This study is to discuss the application problems of stand-alone type photovoltaic system. The factors of module matching and shading in the photovoltaic energy system cause power weakly. However, the saving system is represented by battery in which the management system will expand the life of battery. It is setting up a DC converter on each solar panel in output terminal. Moreover, each solar panel operates independently. The energy-storage element used lead-acid batteries in cost considerations. However, the consideration about the characteristics of the lead-acid battery is differences in electricity power uneven. The possibility of damage will rise in long periods. Therefore, we decided that integrating charge equalization system into Stand-alone type distribute photovoltaic system. It enhances the uniformity of the battery cells and hence improves the life of the battery.
Experimental verification is divided into two stages, the first way to test the charge equalization system in constant current mode, and then distributed photovoltaic system and equalization charging technology integration testing. According to experimental results, we propose a simple charge and equalize logic integrated in the stand-alone photovoltaic energy system. Therefore, the results not only can use in the remote area where has stand-alone photovoltaic energy system for the future, but also can assist to the development of the autonomous solar ship.

摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
誌謝 IV
目錄 V
表目錄 VIII
圖目錄 IX
符號表 XIV
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究動機與目的 1
1.2 文獻回顧 3
1.3 研究方法 6
1.4 本文架構 7
第二章 鉛酸電池與太陽發電系統介紹 8
2.1 鉛酸電池的構造與特性 8
2.1.1 電池充放電特性 9
2.1.2 電池容量與殘電量偵測 11
2.2 鉛酸電池充電方法與策略 16
2.3 太陽能電池特性 20
2.4 太陽能發電系統簡介 23
2.4.1 獨立式太陽能系統 24
2.4.2 市電並聯式太陽能系統 25
2.5 太陽能最大功率追蹤演算法 25
2.5.1 二次式極值法 26
2.6 功率轉換器 28
第三章 鉛酸電池均衡充電電路介紹 32
3.1 均衡充電電路架構 32
3.1.1 均衡充電電路的種類 32
3.1.2 電感切換型均衡充電電路 38
3.2 均衡充電電路設計分析 44
3.3 均衡充電電路參數設計與電路製作 51
3.3.1 均衡電路參數設計 51
3.3.2 MOSFET驅動電路 56
3.3.3 均衡充電電路板製作 57
3.4 均衡充電設計流程 59
第四章 獨立型太陽能均衡充電系統 62
4.1 嵌入式控制器 62
4.2 獨立式太陽能均衡充電架構 64
4.2.1 太陽能電池與鉛酸電池規格 64
4.2.2 獨立式太陽能系統與均衡充電系統之整合 65
第五章 系統整合與測試 69
5.1 均衡充電電路測試架構與測試結果 69
5.1.1 第一階段測試數據與結果 71
5.2 獨立型分散式太陽能均衡充電實驗 82
5.2.1 獨立型分散式太陽能均衡充電實驗數據與結果 83
第六章 結論與建議 94
6.1 結論 94
6.2 建議與未來發展 95
參考文獻 97

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