臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

Ingram(1990)整理過去文獻後，提出各心理病理現象普遍存在著自我關注(self focused attention)程度過高的假設，而這個過高的自我關注現象可由注意力的偏好、強度、持續度及彈性加以說明。本研究同時以憂鬱及社會焦慮為例，將大學生受試者分成憂鬱組、社會焦慮組、混合組及一般組，探討四組受試者在自我關注各向度指標的差異，試圖驗證Ingram的假設。研究一由特質的角度，探討該四組受試者在自我關注的偏好性之差異。研究二則先藉由社交互動情境的操弄，探求四組受試者自我關注強度上的差異以及自我關注對社交表現或負面情緒的影響；互動後，再藉由「自己與人互動的故事」、「國父與人互動的故事」及「人與人互動的故事」三種故事完成作業的方式，探求四組受試者自我關注的持續度及彈性的差異。此外，在互動前、互動中及寫故事時，受試者皆接受公我、私我、社交行為及生理活動等自我關注指標的測量。綜合研究一與研究二的結果顯示四組受試者在自我關注的強度、偏好性、持續性及彈性上並無顯著差異。據此結果，本研究繼而探討自我關注在心理病理研究的適用性，研究者推測自我關注可能透過預期、自我概念對心理病理現象產生影響，也可能是自我關注同時包含了「覺而不察」與「覺而又察」兩概念，而Ingarm所謂存於各心理病理現象的自我關注可能僅包括「覺而不察」的概念。

Ingram (1990) suggested that higher level of self-focused attention was the characteristic of generalized psychopathology. Such higher level of attention process could be described in four dimensions: tendency, degree, duration and flexibility. The purpose of the present study is to examine Ingram*s suggestion in people suffering from depression or social anxiety at the same time. We classified college students into four different groups: depressed, social anxious, mixed and normal. Study 1 compared the tendency of self-focused attention in these four kinds of people from the view of their traits. In study 2, subjects were asked to interact with a stranger. The degree of their self-focused attention, performance and negative emotion were compared. After the interaction, subjects were asked to write one story of the following themes: "the first interaction about someone and me", "the first interaction about someone and Dr. Sun Yet-Sen", and "the first interaction about people". The subjects were randomly assigned into one of these themes. The purpose of study 2 was to compare the difference of the four groups in the duration and flexibility of self-focused attention. We also measured their contents of self-focused attention about public self, private self, social behavior and arousal status in three phases: before the interaction, during the interaction, and during writing the story. In summary, both studies showed that self-focused attention of the four groups were not different in tendency, degree, duration, and flexibility. We discussed the applicability of self-focused attention in psychopathology, and suggested that the effect of self-focused attention in psychopathology may be influence by subjects* expectancy or their self-concepts. Our measurement of attention maybe include two concepts: "feeling of knowing", and "feeling but not knowing". It is possible that the self-focused attention in Ingram*s suggestion includes only the concept of "feeling but not knowing".

第一章 緒論************************.. 1
第一節 自我關注的定義***************.. 2
第二節 自我關注的操弄***************.. 6
第三節 自我關注的測量***************.. 9
第四節 自我關注的作用***************.. 11
第五節 自我關注與憂鬱***************.. 16
第六節 自我關注與社會焦慮*************.. 20
第七節 自我關注與心理健康*************.. 23
第八節 研究目的與假設***************.. 27
第二章 研究一 自我關注特質與社會焦慮及憂鬱********.. 29
第一節 研究方法******************.. 29
第二節 研究結果******************.. 32
第三節 討論********************.. 37
第三章 研究二 自我關注的持續性與彈性***********.. 45
第一節 研究方法******************.. 47
第二節 結果********************.. 56
第三節 討論********************.. 83
第四章 總討論***********************.. 94
參考文獻************************** 104
附錄一、研究二互動前指導語***************** 113
附錄二、故事作業指導語******************* 114
附錄三、受試者與同謀者對自我關注的評估與社交表現的相關表** 115
附錄四、受試者與同謀者對自我關注的評估與情緒表現的相關表** 115

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