臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本篇論文主要的論題在於如何在ATM網路上建構一個強健式的影像傳輸系統。其內容可以分成兩大研究主題：第一個是階層式傳輸影像編碼法則之研究；第二個是階層式傳輸影像編碼法則在ATM網路上的傳輸系統之研究。
在所有靜態影像壓縮技術中，嵌入式小波轉換(EZW)和層級樹狀結構分組(SPIHT)已被證明對於影像壓縮有相當成效；然而，使用EZW技術和SPIHT技術來完成階層式影像傳送(LIT)則不是相當有效，因為他們並不能提供解析度與SNR可調的功能。因此，在本篇論文當中，我們採用一種從EZW延伸出來的技術－LZEW和提出了一個新的SPIHT技術，謂之階層式層級樹狀結構分組(LSPIHT)，利用這個新技術可以設計出解析度與SNR可調的LIT系統。而且，這技術允許各個有不同解析度和碼率的解碼器共用同一個影像編碼器。
然後我們採用了階層式影像編碼實現在ATM網路上的可調強健式影像傳輸。在ATM網路中，不同重要性的細胞將根據傳輸影像資料時的整體花費來給予不同的QoS’s。在LEZW和LSPIHT中，越低圖層的位元流擁有越高的重要性，所以，我們配置最好的QoS給最低圖層。而其他圖層，我們將根據位元流的重要性來分配不同的QoS。在本論文中，我們提出三種在ATM網路上傳送階層式影像編碼結果的基本架構：序列傳輸、平行傳輸和混和傳輸。序列傳輸只能提供兩種傳輸品質。平行傳輸能提供最多傳輸品質，但平行傳輸在網路連線上比序列傳輸複雜。而混和傳輸兼具序列傳輸和平行傳輸的優點。混和傳輸允許不同層的位元流有不同的QoS，但在網路連線上比平行傳輸簡單。
由實驗結果可知，以LEZW為基礎的階層式影像傳輸系統比以EZW為基礎的模擬系統有較好的執行成果。而我們也在以LSPIHT為基礎的階層式影像傳輸系統和以SPIHT為基礎的模擬系統的比較中得到同樣結果。因此，以階層式影像編碼法則為基礎的階層式影像傳輸系統在細胞遺失上能有較好的優勢，所以這系統可以有效的獲得強健式傳輸結果。

In this thesis, a robust image transmission system design algorithm over ATM networks is presented. The algorithm consists of two parts: the image coding algorithm for layered transmission and the transmission schemes for ATM network based on the coding algorithm.
Among all of the digital image compression techniques, the embedded zerotree wavelet (EZW) algorithm and the set partitioning in hierarchical tree (SPIHT) algorithm have been shown to be very effective for image coding. However, EZW technique and SPIHT technique might not be effective for implementation of layered image transmission (LIT) scheme. This is because these techniques do not have both SNR and resolution scalabilities. In this thesis, we apply layered embedded zerotree wavelet (LEZW) technique, which extend from EZW, and present a novel SPIHT technique, termed layered SPIHT (LSPIHT) technique, for realization the LIT system having both resolution and SNR scalabilities. These algorithms allow various decoders devices with different resolution and rate requirement to share a common image encoder.
Next, we apply layered image coding schemes to implement scalable and robust image transmission over ATM networks. In the ATM networks, cells with different degrees of importance can be associated with different QoS’s to reduce the overall cost for transmitting image data. In the LEZW algorithm and LSPIHT algorithm, the bit streams in the lower layers usually have higher degree of importance. We allocate the bit stream in the lowest layer the best QoS. For other layers, different QoS’s assigned based on the their significance. Therefore, the LEZW-encoded bit streams and the LSPIHT-encoded bit streams are suited for transmissions over ATM networks. In this thesis, we propose three schemes for the transmission of LEZW-encoded bit streams and LSPIHT-encoded bit streams over ATM channels: serial scheme, parallel scheme, and hybrid serial/parallel scheme. The serial scheme only allows at most two QoS guarantees. The parallel scheme supplies most QoS guarantees. However the parallel scheme is more complex than the serial scheme. The hybrid serial/parallel scheme has the advantages of the serial scheme and the parallel scheme. The hybrid serial/parallel scheme allows different layers have different QoS. Moreover, the hybrid serial/parallel scheme is simpler than the parallel scheme.
Simulation results show that the LEZW-based LIT system has superior rate-distortion performance as compared with usual EZW-based simulcast systems. The same conclusion can be found when LSPIHT-based LIT system is compared to the SPIHT-based simulcast systems. Moreover, since the LEZW-based LIT and the LSPIHT-based LIT have the advantages of graceful degradation for the cell losses, the system can effectively achieve robust transmission.

中文摘要 I
英文摘要 III
誌謝 V
目錄 VI
圖表目錄 VIII
第1章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 全文架構 4
第2章 小波轉換與小波轉換演算壓縮法則 5
2.1 小波轉換之基本理論 5
2.2 嵌入式零元樹小波轉換演算法則 8
2.2.1 小波轉換係數之零元樹架構 8
2.2.2 嵌入式零元樹小波轉換演算法則 13
2.3 層級樹狀結構分組演算法則 18
2.3.1 小波轉換係數之空間方向樹架構 18
2.3.2 層級樹狀結構分組演算法則 20
第3章 階層式嵌入的零元樹小波轉換在ATM網路上之強健式影像傳輸 25
3.1 系統架構 25
3.2 階層式影像傳輸系統 28
3.2.1 階層式影像傳送及漸進式影像傳送之概述 28
3.2.2 階層式嵌入式零元樹小波轉換演算法則 32
3.3 ATM網路上之階層式位元流傳輸 43
3.3.1序列的階層式傳輸 43
3.3.2平行的階層式傳輸 45
3.3.3混和序列/平行的階層式傳輸 46
3.4模擬結果 48
第4章 階層式層級樹狀結構分組在ATM網路上之強健式影像傳輸 62
4.1 階層式層級樹狀結構分組演算法則… 62
4.2 ATM網路傳送系統 70
4.3 模擬結果 71
第5章 結論與未來展望 90
參考文獻 92
作者簡歷 94

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