臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

無線感測網路上，感測點的定位(localization)在資料收集、事件回報與目標追蹤等應用中都佔有非常重要的地位。然而每一個感測點若配備GPS裝置會有較高的硬體成本，同時也會有較消耗能源的缺點，此外在室內環境也會因屏蔽效應而無法取得GPS訊號。因此，一般會在無線感測網路中佈署一些定位節點(anchor)並發送其位置資訊(beacon)，以協助感測點定位；或藉由行動定位節點(mobile anchor)沿規劃的路線行走並發送位置資訊，以提高定位準確度並降低成本。然而，行動定位節點的行走路線對定位準確度、定位成本及收斂時間都有很大的影響。
本論文著重在行動定位節點的路線規劃，使用定位論文中常見的希爾伯特曲線(Hilbert curve)，針對不同的應用需求，提出適合的路線，例如以時間需求為考量的應用、入侵偵測的應用、網路密度偏低的環境、大型網路的環境。模擬結果顯示本論文所提出的路線可以減少定位過程中所需的能量消耗及時間，並維持定位準確度。

In wireless sensor networks, localization play an important role in data gathering, data reporting and object tracking. However if each sensor equips with GPS receiver, it is high cost and not energy efficient. Besides, sensors also unable to obtain the GPS signal in the indoor environment due to the shielding effect. In general, there are several anchors deployed in wireless sensor networks and the anchors broadcast beacons with their locations to help sensor nodes to estimate their locations; another way is that the mobile anchor moves along the planned path and broadcasts location information to improve localization accuracy and reduce cost. However, the path of a mobile anchor has obvious effect on accuracy, overhead and convergence time.
This thesis focuses on path planning of a mobile anchor. By modifying Hilbert curve, it proposes several appropriate paths for different applications, such as time concern, intrusion detection, the low density environment, and the large scale networks. Simulation results show the proposed paths can reduce the energy consumption and time during localization and keep the accuracy.

中文摘要 ............................................. i
Abstract ............................................. ii
目錄.................................................. iii
圖目錄 ............................................... iv
第1 章 緒論........................................... 1
1.1 研究背景.......................................... 1
1.2 研究動機.......................................... 4
1.3 論文架構.......................................... 5
第2 章 相關研究 ...................................... 6
2.1 Range-based 的方法 ............................... 6
2.2 Range-free 的方法 ................................ 15
第3 章 研究方法 ...................................... 21
3.1 方法一............................................ 22
3.2 方法二............................................ 28
3.3 方法三............................................ 30
3.4 大型感測網路之定位................................ 33
第4 章 模擬結果及分析 ................................ 35
4.1 模擬環境假設與環境參數設定........................ 35
4.2 模擬結果分析與討論................................ 35
4.2.1 網路大小對準確度的影響 ......................... 37
4.2.2 網路大小對overhead 和收斂時間的影響 ............ 38
4.2.3 感測點密度對定位百分比的影響 ................... 40
第5 章 結論與未來展望 ................................ 43
參考文獻 ............................................. 44

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