臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究是將剪切增稠流體(Shear Thickening Fluid, STF)製備為防護材料,以 達到抗穿刺以及防彈衣之輕量化之目的。STF為非牛頓流體,其黏度會隨著剪切 速率增加而上升,當STF受到衝擊時,會因剪切力作用使流體轉變成固體,以阻 擋及分散衝擊能量,並減輕傷害。這是一種與傳統截然不同的防護材料,除擁有 傳統材料的防護功能外,具備了輕巧及可撓曲的特殊功能,對於頸部、手、腳及 肘部等關節部位更提供了有別於傳統防護材料的保護性及靈活性。
本研究分別改變STF之溶質(二氧化矽)之粒徑及溶劑(聚乙二醇、乙二醇 及丙三醇)之配比及固體含量,以行星機及三滾軸混練機穩定分散,最後以流變 儀檢測其流變性質,並以液體黏度與剪切速率作圖觀察其變化,找出製備剪切增 稠流體之最佳參數組合。為了提升性能,更進一步添加改質後的石墨烯,探討其 流變性質的變化。
在性能測試方面,將Kevlar浸漬在剪切增稠液體及將剪切增稠液體封裝在蜂 巢紙六角孔洞內等方式,進行防穿刺及防彈測試。防穿刺部分,以落錘測試機進 行測試,另防彈測試部分在本院彈道館進行九公釐手槍彈(初速達350±10 m/s) 測試,以油泥之凹陷深度判別其防護效果,觀察不同成分的奈米複合防護材料之 抗衝擊能力,探討其臨界剪切速率對防護效果的影響,建立剪切增稠液體臨界剪 切速率及黏度對不同型態的衝擊下防護能力之關聯性。

Shear thickening fluid (STF) is a colloidal suspension of solid particles suspended in fluid and exhibits the shear thickening phenomenon resulting in large, sometimes discontinuous increase in viscosity above a critical shear rate. This particular rheological property of STFs can be utilized to improve their impact resistance and can be used in many protective applications. However, the impact resistance and threats including puncture, stab and 9 mm bullet impacts (muzzle velocity of 350 ± 10 m/s) varies from the low velocity range to high velocity range. Therefore, the effect of the magnitude of critical shear rate on impact performance is investigated in this research. The critical shear rate of STF is adjusted by varying the size and content of silica particles as well as the solvent composition. In addition, the graphene is also added into STFs to change their rheological property which in turn changing their protective properties. The results of this research can aid in the development of a broad range of protective materials for both consumer and military applications.

誌謝 ............................................................................................................................... ii
摘要 .............................................................................................................................. iii
Abstract......................................................................................................................... iv
目錄 ............................................................................................................................... v
表目錄 ........................................................................................................................ viii
圖目錄 .......................................................................................................................... ix
1. 緒論....................................................................................................................... 12
1.1 前言.....................................................................................................................12
1.2 研究動機.............................................................................................................13
1.3 研究目的.............................................................................................................14
2. 文獻回顧............................................................................................................... 15
2.1 防彈衣起源.........................................................................................................15
2.1.1 防彈纖維結構...............................................................................................15
2.1.2 防彈纖維作用原理.......................................................................................16
2.2 剪切增稠液體原理.............................................................................................18
2.3 影響剪切增稠液體因素.....................................................................................20
2.4 抗彈纖維浸漬剪切增稠液體作用.....................................................................23
2.5 石墨烯對剪切增稠液體之分散作用.................................................................25
2.6 衝擊作用原理.....................................................................................................28
2.6.1 準靜態穿刺測試...........................................................................................28
2.6.2 彈道測試.......................................................................................................29
3. 實驗....................................................................................................................... 30
3.1 實驗流程.............................................................................................................30
3.2 實驗藥品及儀器.................................................................................................31
3.2.1 實驗藥品.......................................................................................................31
3.2.2 實驗儀器.......................................................................................................32
3.3 製備改質石墨烯.................................................................................................32
3.4 製備剪切增稠液體.............................................................................................33
3.5 流變儀檢測.........................................................................................................34
3.6 纖維浸漬剪切增稠液體.....................................................................................35
3.7 落錘穿刺測試.....................................................................................................36
3.8 九公釐手槍彈道測試.........................................................................................37
4. 結果與討論............................................................................................................39
4.1 改善剪切增稠液體分散性之研究.....................................................................39
4.1.1 混拌方式對液體流變性質之影響...............................................................39
4.1.2 添加分散劑對液體流變性質之影響........................................................... 41
4.2 剪切增稠液體參數之研究.................................................................................42
4.2.1 SiO2固體含量對剪切增稠液體流變性之影響 ............................................ 42
4.2.2 SiO2粒徑及溶劑配比對剪切增稠液體流變性之影響 ................................ 44
4.2.3 添加石墨烯對剪切增稠液體流變性之影響...............................................48
4.3 剪切增稠液體複合材料抗衝擊測試.................................................................51
4.3.1 落錘穿刺測試...............................................................................................52
4.3.2 九公釐手槍彈道測試................................................................................... 57
5. 結論........................................................................................................................63
6. 未來展望................................................................................................................65
參考文獻 ..................................................................................................................... 66
自傳 ............................................................................................................................. 70

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