臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究主要在探討自閉症光譜障礙兒童、有社交困難的學習障礙兒童及有社交困難的普通兒童，其高階心智理論之表現及差異。本研究採問卷調查法。研究受試者為九十名中部地區的國小三到六年級學齡兒童，其中的學習障礙兒童及一般正常兒童，係以「國民中小學社交技巧行為與特徵檢核表」篩選出具有社交困難者。全體受試者並以「高階心智理論測驗」評量其高階心智理論能力，暨以單因子變異數分析進行三組差異比較，再以Scheffe法或Dunnett C法進行事後比較，以及以t檢定進行年段比較，並分析其開放性問答之資料。主要研究結果為：
一、自閉症光譜障礙兒童不論在錯誤信念分測驗、分辨失禮分測驗、辨認玩笑與謊話分測驗、測驗總分的得分，均顯著較有社交困難的一般正常兒童為低。
二、自閉症光譜障礙兒童在次級錯誤信念分測驗、辨認玩笑與謊言的得分皆明顯低於有社交困難的學習障礙兒童。
三、有社交困難的學習障礙兒童在次級錯誤信念及分辨玩笑與謊話分測驗、測驗總分的得分亦顯著低於有社交困難的一般正常兒童。
四、一般正常兒童的年級愈高其心智理論能力表現愈佳；學習障礙兒童亦同。但是，自閉症光譜障礙兒童其心智理論能力並未隨著年級而有所增長。

The purposes of this study were to explore the performance of the advanced ability of theory of mind among children with Autism Spectrum Disorder, children with learning disabilities and social difficulties, as well as general children with social difficulties. The study adopted questionnaire investigation. The 90 participants were third to sixth graders of elementary schools sampling from Central Taiwan. The social skill and behavior characters scale for elementary and high junior school student was used to screen out social difficulties of children with learning disabilities and general children, and the advanced theory of mind test was used to evaluate the advanced ability of theory of mind. The data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Scheffe or Dunnett C post hoc multiple comparisons to compare the difference of performance on the advanced ability of theory of mind among Autism Spectrum Disorder children, learning disabilities, and general children, as well as with t-test to compare the performance differences between middle grade（third and forth grade）and high grade（fifth and sixth grade）children. The Q & A information was also collected and analyzed. The main findings of this study were as follows:
1.The performance of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in the advanced ability of theory of mind, the second-order false belief subtests, subtests recognition of faux pas, tell a lie from a joke subtest scores, and total score, were significantly worse than the performance of general children with social difficulties.
2.The performance of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in the advanced ability of theory of mind, the second-order false belief subtests and tell a lie from a joke subtest scores, were significantly worse than the performance of the children with learning disabilities and social difficulties.
3.The performance of children with learning disabilities and social difficulties, the second-order false belief subtests, tell a lie from a joke subtest scores, and total score, were significantly worse than the performance of general children with social difficulties.
4.For the general children with social difficulties, the higher grader the better on their performance of advanced ability of theory of mind; and the children with learning disabilities and social difficulties perform likewise. However, the performance of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder did not increase according their grades.

誌謝 I
中文摘要 II
英文摘要 III
目 次 V
表 次 VII
圖 次 VIII
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景 1
第二節 研究目的與待答問題 6
第三節 名詞解釋 7
第二章 文獻分析 11
第一節 心智理論能力 11
第二節 自閉症光譜障礙心智理論能力 19
第三節 學習障礙心智理論能力 35
第三章 研究方法 45
第一節 研究架構 45
第二節 研究對象 46
第三節 研究工具 49
第四節 研究程序 51
第五節 資料處理 53
第四章 研究結果與討論 55
第一節 各組在高階心智理論測驗之得分與比較 55
第二節 年段與高階心智理論測驗之關係 57
第三節 開放性問答之資料分析 60
第四節 綜合討論 63
第五章 結論與建議 67
第一節 結論 67
第二節 研究限制 68
第三節 研究建議 69
參考文獻 72
附錄一、心智理論測驗之題目 86
附錄二、施測說明 92
附錄三、指導語 93
附錄四、家長同意書 94

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