臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近年來M2M (Machine to Machine)與互聯網(Internet of Things, IOT)概念越來越受到業界關注，為了收集各種環境的狀態，其感測器需求量將會大增，然而隨著半導體技術的進步，越來越多感測器只需要損耗幾十微瓦的功率。為了解決感測器供電問題，目前通過壓電能量擷取技術，能將環境中的振動能轉換成電能，可以提供幾十至幾百微瓦的功率，其中利用同步切換介面電路，能有效提升壓電能量擷取系統的功率。
本論文提出一種利用壓電元件所產生的電能，來提供同步切換介面電路操作，達到自供電設計。電路架構由峰值檢知器、比較器與數位開關組成，利用峰值檢知器與比較器產生開關控制訊號。以微機電製程製作的微壓電發電元件輸出功率通常小於100 μW，較複雜電路設計可能無法利用壓電元件來驅動，然而自供電開關切換技術架構因設計簡單，較適用以微機電製程製作的微壓電發電元件。
本論文提出自供電同步切換介面電路使用台積0.25 μm高壓製程。其整體消耗功率為26 μW，操作頻率為120 Hz，最佳附載阻抗為1.5 MΩ，在最佳附載阻抗下輸出功率為43.42 μW，相較於標準能量擷取電路提高了3.36倍。

In recent years, the concept of the machine to machine (M2M) and the internet of things (IoT) have drawn the industry’s much attention. In order to monitor different status of the environment, the requirement for sensors are increasing. Due to the advancement of semiconductor fabrication technologies, the power consumption of the sensor was reduced to about ten microwatts. In order to solve the power supply of the sensor, the energy harvesting technology can transform the vibrational energy into electrical energy from the environment. The energy harvesting technology can provide power in scales of tens to hundreds microwatts. Using synchronized switching technology, one can increase the output power of the energy harvesting technology.
This thesis presents a self-powered synchronized switching technique for piezoelectric energy harvesting. The architecture consists of a peak detector, a comparator, and a digital switch. The control signal for the digital switch is generated by the peak detector and the comparator. With the MEMS process, the output power of the piezoelectric element is less than 100 microwatts. Therefore, the complicated design of the interface circuit is inadequate to be driven by the piezoelectric element. Nevertheless, the design of the self-powered synchronized switching techniques is much simple and thus more appropriate the piezoelectric element fabricated by the MEMS process.
This proposed a self-powered synchronized switching interface circuit is fabricated by TSMC 0.25 μm 60V high voltage 1P3M cmos process. The power consumption is 26 μW at the element resonant frequency of 120 Hz. The optimal output power is 43.42 μW under the optimal load of 1.5 MΩ. The self-powered synchronized switching interface circuit can increase the power extraction to 3.36 times comparing to the standard circuit.

誌謝 i
中文摘要 ii
Abstract iii
圖目錄 viii
表目錄 xi
第一章 緒論 1
1-1 研究動機 1
1-2 文獻回顧 2
1-2-1 介面電路設計 3
1-2-2 自供電能量擷取系統 5
1-3 論文架構 8
第二章 能量擷取介面電路簡介 10
2-1 壓電材料的特性 10
2-2 壓電機電偶和係數 12
2-3 壓電等效電路 13
2-4 標準能量擷取電路 16
2-5 同步切換介面電路分析 19
2-5-1 並聯電感式同步切換電路(Parallel-SSHI) 21
2-5-2 串聯電感式同步切換電路(Series-SSHI) 24
2-6 輸出功率討論 27
第三章 以環境振動能驅動無線藍芽溫度感測器 31
3-1 壓電元件 31
3-2 以環境振動能驅動無線藍芽溫度感測器電路設計 32
3-2-1 儲能電路 33
3-2-2 開關切換電路 34
3-2-3 理論分析 35
3-2-4 藍芽模組板 37
3-3 實驗結果與討論 38
3-3-1 實驗架設 38
3-3-2 實驗結果 39
3-3-3 小結與問題討論 40
第四章 自供電同步切換介面電路研究 42
4-1 自供電同步切換介面電路設計 43
4-1-1 自供電開關分析 43
4-1-2 自供電同步切換介面電路架構 46
4-2 實驗結果模擬 48
4-3 實驗結果與討論 51
4-3-2 實驗架設 51
4-3-2 實驗結果 53
4-3-3 實驗結果討論 55
第五章 自供電同步切換介面電路晶片設計 56
5-1 自供電同步切換介面晶片設計考量 56
5-1-1 MOSFET二極體峰值檢知器 57
5-1-2 開關電路 57
5-1-3 主動整流器 59
5-1-4 靜電放電(ESD)保護電路 60
5-1-5 自供電同步切換介面電路晶片架構 62
5-2 模擬結果與晶片佈局圖 63
5-2-1 模擬結果 63
5-2-2 晶片佈局與輸出規格 70
5-3 結果與討論 72
第六章 結論及未來展望 75
6-1 結論 75
6-2 未來展望 76
參考文獻 77

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