臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

幾何精度因子 (geometric dilution of precision, GDOP) 為全球定位系統 (global positioning system, GPS) 挑選最佳量測單元的重要準則。如果量測變異數是不同的，本研究選擇利用加權幾何精度因子 (weighted GDOP, WGDOP) 取代幾何精度因子，以挑選合適的定位量測單元。以反矩陣計算加權幾何精度因子的傳統方法，需要龐大計算量與時間，對於即時定位而言是一大負擔。

在本研究中，將原本以彈性倒傳遞 (resilient back-propagation, Rprop) 演算法為基礎的六種映射架構，擴充至以支援向量迴歸 (support vector regression, SVR) 近似加權幾何精度因子。在無線通訊系統中，本研究從七個基地台 (base station, BS) 中挑選出四個基地台以估測行動台 (mobile station, MS) 位置。無線通訊網路中的位置估測，對於行動定位服務具有關鍵作用。許多不同的行動定位服務應用已相當發達，包括E-911公共安全服務、智慧型運輸系統 (intelligent transportation system, ITS) 及醫療照護系統。為了進一步降低複雜度，本研究優先選擇服務基地台，再結合其他三個基地台進行估測行動台位置。因此，量測子集合的數目將大幅減少，且不會影響定位精度。藉由加權幾何精度因子最小化法則，行動台的位置可利用位置線法 (lines of position algorithm, LOP) 與距離權重法進行估測而取得。

The geometric dilution of precision (GDOP) concept was originally used as a criterion for selecting the optimal geometric configuration of satellites in global positioning system (GPS). If the measurement variances are not equal in each other, we can choose the weighted GDOP (WGDOP) instead of GDOP, which could be the most appropriate selection criterion of location measurement units. The conventional matrix inversion method for WGDOP calculation has a large amount of operation and requires long time for computing, which would be a burden for real time application.

In this research, the original six kinds of input-output mapping based on resilient back-propagation (Rprop) are extended to WGDOP based on support vector regression (SVR). From simulation results, the proposed architectures for WGDOP approximation based on SVR always yield superior estimation accuracy. This research use a set of four base stations (BS) selected from seven BS to estimate mobile station (MS) location in cellular communications system. The mobile positioning of a wireless network plays a key role in providing location-based services. Different applications of location-based services have been well developed, including E-911 subscriber safety services, intelligent transportation system (ITS) and medical treatment system. To further reduce the complexity, our approach is to first select the serving BS and combines it with three other measurements to estimate MS location. As such, the number of subsets is reduced greatly without compromising the location estimation accuracy. With the minimum WGDOP algorithm, MS location can be estimated by the linear lines of position algorithm (LOP) and distance-weighted method.

中文摘要 i
英文摘要 ii
致謝 iii
目錄 iv
表目錄 v
圖目錄 v

一、緒論 1
1.1　研究背景 1
1.2　研究動機與目的 2
1.3　研究流程 4
1.4　論文架構 5

二、文獻探討 6
2.1　基於網路的定位方法 6
2.2　基於衛星的定位方法 11
2.3　無線通道環境的特性 12
2.4　行動定位服務 15
2.5　幾何精度因子與加權幾何精度因子 16
2.6　支援向量迴歸 20

三、實驗方法 27
3.1　近似加權幾何精度因子的映射架構 27
3.2　基地台的挑選規則 32
3.3　幾何定位法 32

四、實驗結果 37
4.1　電腦模擬環境 37
4.2　模擬結果分析 38

五、結論與建議 43
5.1　研究結論 43
5.2　後續建議 44

參考文獻 45
附錄 50

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