臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

　　近二十年來，科技業快速且蓬勃的發展，改變了許多人類的生活型態，其中網路、電腦以及通訊等技術的發展及進步，更使得資訊流通與訊息交換的速度大幅的提升。在現今的生活中，越來越多人使用這些先進的技術，相對的也使得這些技術日漸的普及。本論文的研究動機即是把這些技術作一個整合，創造出一個多功能並可因應各種不同需求的通用平台。
　　在本論文所提出的即時監控系統的架構中，被監控端透過無線的行動通訊系統與監控端建立TCP/IP的連結以傳遞數據，被監控端使用ARM處理器的嵌入式系統控制數據處理與通訊連線的建立，監控端為一架設於Internet上之伺服器接收被監控端資料、記錄並將該資料顯示於監控軟體上，另外亦可藉由以建立之通訊連線對被監控端傳輸控制訊號。
　　整體的系統設計、實現以及驗證已於本研究過程中完成，並已獲得極為完整的成果與應用。應用於車輛、輕航機、機場平面整合地理資訊系統的即時監控系統亦已獲得實地測試的驗證。實驗統計數據分別在不同的方案中加以演繹討論。
　　全球衛星定位系統(GPS)發展至今，儼然已成為最成熟的定位系統，因此本研究採用GPS作為被監控端即時位置的定位裝置。而GPS本身的定位誤差可藉由差分修正的方式來改善，差分修正GPS可利用本研究的系統硬體架構來傳遞修正訊號已獲取更精確的定位資料，藉由本論文所架設的三個差分修正參考站，可使得定位誤差小於五公尺。
　　本論文驗證了所提出的即時監控系統，應用於監控的數據傳遞上，有其可行性及價值。經由完善的研發，利用行動通訊的即時監控系統，在1000呎以下的低空中是具可行性且有應用價值的系統。

　　In recent decades, new technology developments have made tremendous changes to livelihood styles. Among all different technologies, Internet, computer and communication are the most significant part to promote personal information exchange in speed, range and capacity. This dissertation tries to build a versatile platform for applications to mobile individuals for surveillance and control by adopting and integrating modern mature technologies.
　　In the proposed real time surveillance and control system architecture, there is an urgent demand of TCP/IP capability to connect client data into server integration through mobile communication system. Under such demand, an embedded system is designed and implemented using ARM CPU to process mobile data, transmit via communication device, collect and display mobile data by an Internet server, and offer a full function of surveillance capability to mobile users.
　　System design, implementation and verification are carried out in this dissertation with detail descriptions of the functions and performance to accomplish the system operation. Experiments on vehicle motion, ultralight flight, airport surface detection, and several other functions are verified in real time monitor on geographic information system (GIS). Experiment statistics data are demonstrated and discussed with different scenarios.
　　As for the global positioning system (GPS) being a mature technology for positioning, GPS is adopted to report client position in real time in this study. However, while GPS is suitable for real time positioning, its defect of inaccuracy can be improved by a differential correction. Using the proposed client hardware, a differential GPS (DGPS) technology can easily be established. This dissertation proposes a three reference stations installation for island-wide DGPS applications. It is proven to correct GPS error within 5 meters.
　　This dissertation verifies the proposed system design being feasible and valuable for data exchange configuration using GSM in PPP and GPRS in TCP/IP both in hardware and software. Under full development, the proposed real time surveillance and control technology using mobile communication above the ground up to 1000 feet low altitude can be viable and valuable for practical applications.

CONTENTS
Page
ABSTRACT i
CONTENTS iii
LIST OF FIGURES vii
LIST OF TABLES xi

CHAPTER
I INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Concept of the Real Time Surveillance and Control Technique 1
1.2 Background of This Research 2
1.3 Goal of This Research 3
1.4 Organization of This Dissertation 4
II POSITIONING SYSTEM 5
2.1 Global Positioning System 5
2.1.1 Overview of GPS 5
2.1.2 Space Segment of GPS 6
2.1.3 Control Segment of GPS 7
2.1.4 User Segment of GPS 8
2.2 Principle of GPS Positioning 9
2.2.1 Satellite Signal 10
2.2.2 Satellite Almanac 10
2.2.3 GPS Error 11
2.3 Differential GPS 12
2.3.1 DGPS Reference Station 13
2.3.2 DGPS roving user receiver 14
2.4 Positioning Devices 14
2.4.1 GPS Receiver Output Data Format 17
2.4.2 GPS Receiver Input Data Format 19
2.4.3 NMEA Checksum 20
2.4.4 Ephemeris Data and Pseudorange 21
2.5 Discussion 22
III MOBILE COMMUNICATION INFRASTRUCTURE 23
3.1 Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) 23
3.1.1 GSM System Architecture 23
3.1.2 GSM Air Interface – Physical Layer 24
3.1.3 The Real Time Surveillance Technique via GSM 25
3.2 General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) 26
3.2.1 GPRS System Architecture 27
3.2.2 Air Interface – Physical Layer 28
3.2.3 GPRS Network 29
3.2.4 The Real Time Surveillance Technique via GPRS 30
3.3 Discussion 31
IV SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT AND INTEGRATION 32
4.1 Industrial PC and GSM Architecture 33
4.1.1 Development Environment 35
4.1.2 Development Product 35
4.2 μP-Based and GSM Architecture 37
4.2.1 Development Environment 40
4.3 The Embedded System and GPRS Architecture 41
4.3.1 Embedded System 42
4.3.2 Development Environment 42
4.3.3 System Design 43
4.4 Communication Protocol 48
4.4.1 Circuit Switch 48
4.4.2 Dial-up Point-to-Point Protocol 48
4.4.3 Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) 49
4.4.4 Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) 50
4.5 Discussion 53
V IMPLEMENTATION AND VERIFICATION 55
5.1 The μP-Based GSM Surveillance and Control System 55
5.1.1 Real Time Road Test 55
5.1.2 The Client Input/Output Test 58
5.1.3 Transmission Time Test 59
5.1.4 Connection and Delay Test 60
5.1.5 Analog Waveform Transformation 61
5.1.6 Circuit Implementation 63
5.2 Embedded System and GPRS Surveillance and Control System 63
5.2.1 Time Delay Tests 65
5.2.2 Real Data Transfer Time Test 66
5.2.3 Circuit Implementation 68
5.2.4 Reliability Test 70
5.2.5 Flight Tests 71
5.3 Discussion 75
VI APPLICATIONS IN SURVEILLANCE AND CONTROL 76
6.1 Application of Intelligent Transportation System 76
6.1.1 Surveillance Data Format for ITS 77
6.2 Ultra-light aircraft management 81
6.3 Airport surface management 83
6.3.1 Airfield Test 83
6.3.2 Further Developments 86
6.4 Discussion 88
VII APPLICATION IN DIFFERENCE GPS 89
7.1 Real Time DGPS using GPRS 89
7.2 Pseudorange Correction 90
7.2.1 RTCM SC-104 Format 93
7.2.2 Differential GPS Signal 94
7.3 Real Time DGPS 96
7.4 Reference Station 97
7.4.1 Differential GPS Verification 99
7.4.2 Reference Station Modification 101
7.4.3 Weighted Averages Method 107
7.5 Discussion 110
VIII DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 112
8.1 Discussion 112
8.2 Conclusion 114
REFERENCE 115
PUBLICATION LIST 118
VITA 120

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