臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究主要以K公司正式員工為研究對象，以組織氣候為自變項，角色內行為與組織公民行為為依變項，組織承諾為中介變項，探討變項彼此之間的相關性及影響性。本研究針對個案公司採問卷調查方式，總共發放問卷300份。最後問卷計回收300份，經去除無效問卷66份，有效問卷為234 份，有效問卷回收率為78%。
資料經描述性統計分析、相關分析、多元迴歸分析、淨相關分析及層級迴歸分析後，結果發現如下：
1.組織氣候、角色內行為、組織公民行為與組織承諾四者彼此均具有顯著正向相關性。
2.組織氣候與組織承諾對角色內行為、組織公民行為有顯著正向影響性。
3.組織氣候會透過組織承諾的中介作用，間接影響角色內行為與組織公民行為。
根據統計分析之後歸納出結論：良好組織氣候可以使組織成員透過組織承諾等構念建構良好的角色內行為與組織公民行為。因此，組織應該要重視組織氣候的改善，並且提高員工組織承諾，進而激發員工表現堅守本份行為及組織公民行為，以提升組織績效及維持企業競爭優勢。

This research is studying to the employees of K company in the study as the subjects. The research is mainly discussing the correlation and interaction effect among three different variables, which are the organizational climate as an independent variable, in-role behavior and organizational citizenship behavior as dependent variables and the organizational commitment as a mediator. This research used the method of questionnaire survey as the K case company. There are 300 questionnaires issued totally. The questionnaire counts and retrieves 300 finally, through getting rid of 66 invalid questionnaires, effective questionnaire is 234, the effective rate of recovery of questionnaire is 78%.
Through the Descriptive Statistical Analysis, Correlation Analysis, Multiple Regression Analysis, Partial Correlations Analysis and Hierarchical Regression Analysis, this research has concluded:
1. A remarkable positive correlation exists among organizational climate, in-role behavior, organizational citizenship behavior and organizational commitment.
2. Both organizational climate and organizational commitment has a significant positive impact towards in-role behavior and organizational citizenship behavior.
3. Through organizational commitment as a mediator, organizational climate has an indirect impact on in-role behavior and organizational citizenship behavior.
According to statistical analysis summarized the research conclusions, enterprise should establish a good organizational climate in the organization by organizational commitment to provide their employees to be more in-role behavior and more citizenship behavior in organization. Therefore, organizations should put more emphasis on the improvement in organizational climate and employees’ organizational commitment to further encourage them being more responsible in their positions and well perform organizational citizenship behavior. With these achieved, organizations’ effectiveness will be improved and competitive advantages will be sustained.

摘要 ................................................i
Abstract .................................................ii
目錄 .................................................iii
表次 .................................................v
圖次 .................................................vi
第一章 緒論 .................................................1
第一節 研究背景動機 ............................................1
第二節 研究目的 ................................................4
第三節 研究問題 ................................................5
第四節 名詞釋義 ................................................5
第五節 研究流程 ................................................5
第二章 文獻探討 ................................................7
第一節 組織氣候 ................................................7
第二節 角色內行為 ................................................11
第三節 組織公民行為 ............................................13
第四節 組織承諾 ................................................16
第五節 各變項之間的關係...........................................21
第三章 研究方法 ................................................25
第一節 觀念性架構 ................................................25
第二節 研究變項操作型定義 ........................................26
第三節 研究工具 ................................................28
第四節 修正後之研究架構 ........................................38
第五節 研究假設 ................................................38
第六節 研究對象及抽樣方法 ........................................39
第七節 資料分析方法 ............................................40
第四章 研究結果 ................................................43
第一節 描述性統計 ................................................43
第二節 相關性分析 ................................................48
第三節 影響性分析 ................................................51
第四節 組織承諾之中介效果分析修正後之研究架構 ....................55
第五章 結論與建議 ................................................61
第一節 結論 ................................................61
第二節 管理意涵 ................................................64
第三節 研究限制及建議 ............................................65
參考文獻 ................................................67
附錄一 彙整專家修正問卷之意見 ....................................78
附錄二 研究問卷 ................................................87

一、中文部份：
尹曉穎(1994)，國營事業人員精簡方案與被留用員工之組織行為的關係，國立台灣大學商學系碩士論文。
王儷倩(2004)，團隊成員多元性、凝聚力、角色內行為與組織公民行為關係之研究，中國文化大學國際企業管理研究所碩士論文。
何淑妃(1996)，國小校長轉型領導行為與學校組織氣氛之調查研究，國立新竹師範學院初等教育研究所碩士論文。
李青芬、李雅婷、趙慕芬譯(2006)。組織行為學(11版)，台北：華泰書局。
吳明隆、涂金堂(2008)，SPSS與統計應用分析(2版)，台北：五南圖書出版股份有限公司。
吳秉恩(1993)，組織行為學，台北：華泰書局。
林少龍、穆敏志(2003)，組織實務如何影響組織承諾：直接、間接與交互效果，Chiao Da Management Review，第23期。
林淑姬(1992)，薪酬公平、程序公平與組織承諾、組織公民行為關係之研究，國立政治大學企業管理研究所博士論文。
林鉦棽(1996)，組織公正、信任、組織公民行為之研究：社會交換理論之觀點，管理科學學報，第13卷，第3期。
林鉦琴(1999)，組織承諾、工作滿足與組織公民行為之研究：各種不同理論模式之比較，中山管理評論，第7卷，第4期。
姜定宇、鄭伯壎(2003)，組織忠誠、組織承諾、及組織公民行為研究之回顧與前瞻，應用心理研究，第19期。
凌欣慧(1997)，生涯階段與工作行為關係之研究─專業承諾及組織承諾之中介效果分析，國立中山大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文。
張國銘(2004)，薪酬制度、組織氣候對工作績效影響之研究—以傳統紡織企業為例，國立中山大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文。
張潤書(1988)，行政學，台北：三民書局。
許士軍（1972），有關黎史(Litwin and Stringer)二氏「組織氣候」尺度在我國企業機構之適用性探討，國立政治大學學報，第26期。
許士軍(1977)，工作滿足、個人特徵與組織氣候-文獻探討及實證研究，國立政治大學學報，第35期。
許士軍(1984)，管理學，台北：東華書局。
許道然(2002），組織公民行為之研究，空大行政學報，第12期。
陳心田（2003），員工-主管互動、知覺組織支持、組織承諾與組織公民行為關係之研究：我國科技產業研發人員之分析，交通大學管理學報，第23卷，第1期。
陳文仁、宋德洤、石育賢、江愛群、吳育欣、林維林、陳麗芬、陳立臻、陳增堯、陳潤明、陳雅貞、黃國忠、楊中舜、練惠玉、潘金平、劉崇卉、劉達全(2008)，2008~09汽機車產業年鑑，台北：工業技術研究院產業經濟與趨勢研究中心。
陳宗賢(2003)，員工協助方案與組織氣候對工作士氣、組織承諾與離職傾向之關聯性研究─以上市公司為例，南華大學管理研究所碩士論文。
陳威菖(1997)，組織承諾與工作滿足對組織公民行為的組織－以工作疏離感為中介模式，國立中山大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文。
陳海鳴(1993)，管理學概論-理論與台灣實證，台北：華泰書局。
陳新文(2005)，教師對行政工作的角色定義與兼任意願關係之研究---以桃園地區國中教師為樣本，元智大學管理研究所碩士論文。
黃英忠、吳融枚(2000)，公營企業文化對組織承諾和工作滿足的影響--以台灣省菸酒公賣局為例，公營事業評論，第2卷，第1期。
黃昆輝（1996），教育行政學，台北：東華書局。
黃國隆(1986)，中學教師的組織承諾與專業承諾，國立政治大學學報，第53期。
黃國隆、陳惠芳(1998)，資訊技術、組織價值觀與組織承諾之關係，管理學報，第15卷，第3期。
楊啟良(1982)，個人特質、組織氣候與組織承諾之研究，國立政治大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。
楊蓉昌(2004)，企業管理(3版)，台北：五南圖書出版公司。
葉雅倩(1996)，省營事業機構人員精簡方案對留任員工組織行為影響之研究，國立政治大學公共行政學系碩士論文。
榮泰生(2006)，SPSS與研究方法，台北：五南圖書出版公司。
劉榮欽(2004)，領導行為、組織氣候及工作投入關係之研究－以某地區軍醫院為例，國立中山大學人力資源管理研究所碩士在職專班碩士論文。
蔣景清(2002)，組織氣候、組織承諾與組織公民行為關係之研究－以 C 工廠為例，國立中山大學人力資源管理研究所碩碩士論文。
潘文章(1992)，企業管理，台北：三民書局。
羅春月(2004)，民營化組織變革的不確定性認知對組織承諾之影響研究—以臺灣菸酒公司為例，國立政治大學社會科學學院行政管理碩士論文。
簡明輝(2007)，組織行為(2版)，台北：新文京開發出版股份有限公司。


二、英文部份
Allen, N. J. & Meyer, J. P. (1990). The measurement and Antecedents of Affective Continuance, and Normative Commitment to the Organization, Journal of Occupational Psychology, 63, pp.1-18.
Allen, T. D. & Rush, M. C. (1998). The effects of organizational citizenship behavior on performance judgments: A field study and a laboratory experiment, Journal of Applied Psychology, 83(2), pp.247-260.
Alotaibi, A. G. (2001). Antecedents of organizational citizenship behavior: A study of public personnel in Kuwait, Public Personnel Management, Vol. 30, No. 3, pp.363-373.
Al-Shammari, M. M. (1992). Organizational Climate, Leadership & Organizational Development Journal, 13(6), pp.30-32.
Altmann, R. (2000). Understand the organizational climate: Start minimizing your workforce problems, The Canadian Manager. Toronto: summer 25(2), pp.15-18.
Angle, H. L. & Lawson, M. B. (1993). Changes in affective and continuance commitment in times of relocation, Journal of Business Research, 26, pp.3–15.
Baltes, B. B., Bauer, C. C., Bajdo, L. M. & Parker, C. P. (2002). The use of multitrait-multimethod data for detecting nonlinear relationships: The case of psychological climate and job satisfaction. Journal of Business and Psychology, 17(1), pp.3-17.
Becker, H. S. (1960). Notes on the concept of commitment. American Journal of Sociology, 66, pp.32-42.
Bogler, R. & Somech, A. (2004). Influence of teacher empowerment on teachers organizational commitment, professional commitment and organizational citizenship behavior in school, Teaching and Teacher Education, 20, pp.277-289.
Brief, A. P. & Motowidlo, S. J. (1986). Prosocial Organizational Behaviors, Academy of Management Review, 11(1), pp.710-725.
Carless, S. A. (2004). Does psychological empowerment mediate the relationship between psychological climate and job satisfaction? Journal of Business and Psychology, 18(4), pp.405-425.
Chew, J., Girardi, A. & Entrekin, L. (2005). Retaining core staff: The impact of human resource practices on organizational commitment, Journal of Comparative International Management, 8(2), pp.23-42.
Cole, M. S. & Bruch, H. (2006). Organizational identity strength, identification, and commitment and their relationships to turnover intention: Does organizational hierarchy? Journal of Organization Behavior, 27, pp.585-605.
Coleman, V. I. & Borman, W. C. (2000). Investigating the underlying structure of the citizenship performance domain. Human Resource Management Review, 10, pp.25-44.
Decotiis, T. A. & Summers, T. P. (1987). A path analysis of a model of the antecedents and consequences of organizational commitment, Human Relations, 40(7), pp.445-470.
DiPaola, M. & Tschannen-Moran, M. (2001). Organizational citizenship behavior in schools and its relationship to school climate. Journal of School Leadership, 11(5), pp.424-447.
Donavan, D. T., Brown, T. J. & Mowen, J. C. (2004). Internal benefits of service-worker customer orientation: Job satisfaction, commitment, and organizational citizenship behaviors. Journal of Marketing, 68(1).
Dyne, L. V., Graham, J. W. & Dienesch, R. M. (1994). Organizational citizenship behavior: Construct redefinition, measurement, and validation. Academy of Management Journal, 37(4), pp.765-803.
Farh, J. L., Earley, P. C. & Lin, S. C. (1997). Impetus for action: A cultural analysis of justice and organizational citizenship behavior in Chinese society. Administrative Science Quarterly, 42(3), pp.421-445.
Glick, W. H. (1985). Conceptualizing and measuring organizational and psychological climate: Pitfalls in multilevel research, Academy of Management Review, 10(3), pp.601-616.
Goulet, L. R. & Frank, M. L. (2002), Organizational commitment across three sectors: Public, non-profit, and for-profit, Public Personnel Management, 31(2), pp.201-207.
Graham, J. W. (1991). An essay on organizational citizenship behavior. EmployeeResponsibilities and Rights Journal, 4(4), pp.249-270.
Hellriegel, D. & Slocum, J. W. (1974). Organizational climate: Measure, researches and contingencies, Academy of Management Journal, 17, pp.255-280.
Hickman, J. S. (1987). A comparison of the relationship of faulty perceptions of organizational climate to expressed job satisfaction in baccalaureate degree nursing programs, Dissertation Abstracts International, NO:AAD8711384.
Hoy, W. K., Hannum, J. & Tschannen-Moran, M. (1998). Organizational climateand student achievement: A parsimonious and longitudinal view. Journal of School Leadership , 8(4), pp.336-359.
Kanter, R. M. (1968). Commitment and social organization: A study of commitment mechanisms in utopian communities. American Sociological Review, 33(4), PP.499-517.
Katz, D. (1964). The motivational basis of organizational behavior, Behavioral Science, 9, pp.131-146.
Katz, D. & Kahn, R. L. (1966). The Social Psychology of Organizations, Wiley, New York.
Katz, D. & Kahn, R. L. (1978). The Social Psychology of Organizations, Wiley, New York.
Kermit, W. K. ＆ Yousef, Al-Busaidi. (2002). Citizenship behavior in a non-Western context: An examination of the role of satisfaction, commitment and job characteristics on self- reported OCB. International Journal of Commerce ＆ Management, 12(2), pp.107-125.
Kim, K. & Frazier, G. L. (1997). On the measurement of distributor commitment in industrial channels of distribution. Journal of Business Research, 40 (October), pp.139-154.
Konovsky, M. A. & Organ, D. W. (1996). Dispositional and contextual determinants of organizational citizenship behavior, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 17(3), pp.253-266.
Konovsky, M. A. & Pugh, S. D. (1994). Citizenship behavior and social exchange, Academy of Management Journal, 37(3), pp.656-669.
Lewin, K. (1936). Field Theory in Social Science, New York: Harper & Bros. Co.
Likert, R. (1967). The Human Organization: Its Management and Value. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Martin, C. A. & Bush, A. J. (2006). Psychological climate, empowerment, leadership style, and customer-oriented selling: An analysis of the sales manager-salesperson dyad. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,34(3), pp.419-438.
Mathew, B. P. & Shepherd, J. L. (2002). Dimensionality of Cook and Wall’s (1980) British organizational commitment scale, Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 75, pp.369-375.
McMurray, A. J., Scott, D. R. & Pace, R. W. (2004). The relationship between organizational commitment and organizational climate in manufacturing. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 12, pp.473-488.
Meyer, J. P. & Allen, N. J. (1984). Testing the side-bet theory of organizational commitment ： some methodological considerations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 69, pp.372-378.
Moorman, R. H. (1993). The influence of cognitive and affective based job satisfaction measures on the relationship between satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior, Human Relations, 46(6), pp.759-776.
Moorman R. H. & Balkey, G. L. (1995). Individualism-collectivism as an individual difference predictor of organizational citizenship behavior, Journal of Organizational Citizenship Behavior, 16(2), Mar, pp.127-142.
Mowday, R. T., Porter, L. W. & Steers, R. M. (1982). Employee-organization linkages: The psychology of commitment, absenteeism and turnover. N.Y.: Academic Press.
Mowday, R. T., Steers, R. M. ＆ Porter, L. M, (1979). The measurement of organizational commitment, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 14(2), pp.224-247.
O’Reilly C. & Chatman J. (1986). Organizational commitment and psychological attachment: The effect of compliance, identification, and internalization on prosocial behavior, Journal of Applied Psychology, 71, pp. 492-499.
Organ, D.W. (1988). Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Good Soldier Syndrome, Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
Organ, D. W. (1990). The motivational basis of organizational citizenship behavior, in B. M. Staw & L. L. Cummings（Eds.）, Research in Organizational Behavior, Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, 12, pp.43-72.
Parker, C. P., Baltes, B. B., Young, S. A., Huff, J. W., Altmann, R. A., Lacost, H. A., & et al. (2003, June). Relationships between psychological climate perceptions and work outcomes: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 24(4), pp.389-416.
Parnell, J. A. & Crandall W. (2003). Propensity for paticipative decision-making, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, organizational citizenship behavior, and intentions to leave among Egyptian management, Multinational Business Review, 11（1）.
Patterson, M., Warr, P. & West, M. (2004). Organizational climate and company productivity: The role of employee affect and employee level. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 77, pp.193-216.
Pearce, J. L. & Gregersen, H. B. (1991). Task interdependence and extra- role behavior: A test of the mediating effects of felt responsibility, Journal of Applied Psychology, 76(4), pp.838-844.
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Paine, J. B. & Bachrach, D. G. (2000). Organizational citizenship behaviors: A critical review of the theroetical and empirical literature and suggestions for future research. Journal of Management. 26(3): pp.513-563.
Porter, L. W., Steers, R. M., Mowday, R. T. & Boulian, P. V. (1974). Organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and turnover among psychiatric technicians, Journal of Applied Psychology, 59, pp.603-609.
Pritchard, R. D. & Karasick, B. W. (1973). The effects of organizational climate on managerial job performance and job satisfaction, Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 9(1), pp.126-146.
Puffer S. M. (1987). Prosocial behavior, noncompliant behavior, and work performance among commission salespeople, Journal of Applied Psychology, 72(4), pp.615-621.
Rich, G. A. (1999). Salesperson Optimism: Can sales managers enhance it and so what if they do? Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 7, pp.53-63.
Robbins, S. P. (2001). Organizational Behavior: Concepts, Controversies, and Applications (7th ed. ), Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice-Hall.
Robinson, S. L. & Morrison, E. W. (1995). Psychological contracts and OCB, The effect of unfulfilled obligations on civil virtue behavior, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 16, pp.289-298.
Schneider, B. & Hall, D. T. (1972). Toward specifying the concept of work climate: A study of Roman Catholic diocesan priests, Journal of Applied Psychology, 56(6), pp.447-455.
Scholl, R. W. (1981). Differentiating organizational commitment from expectancy as a motivating force. Academy of Management Review, 6, pp.589-599.
Seokhwa, Y., Riki, T. ＆ Wei, L. (2007). Employee self-enhancement motives and job performance behaviors：Investigating the moderating effects of employee role ambiguity and managerial perceptions of employee commitment. Journal of Applied Psychology. 92(3), pp.745.
Staw, B. M. (1977). Two Sides of Commitment, Paper Presented at Annual Meeting of Academy of Management, Orlando, Florida, August.
Steers, R. M. (1977). Antecedents and Outcomes of Organizational Commitment, Administrative Science Quarterly, 22(1), pp.46-56.
Swailes, S. (2004). Commitment to change: Profiles of commitment and in-role performance, Personnel Review, 33(2), pp.187-204.
Tagiuri, R. & Litwin, G. H. (Eds.) (1968). Organizational Climate: Explorations of a concept. Boston, MA: Harvard University Press.
Tepper, B. J. & Taylor, E. C. (2003). Relationships among supervisors' and subordinates' procedural justice perceptions and organizational citizenship behaviors, Academy of Management Journal, 46(1), pp.97-105.
Timm, P.R., Peterson, B.D. & Stevens, J.C.(1990). People at work: Human relations in organizations(3rd ed), St. Paul: West Pub. Co.
Wagner, S. L. & Rush, M. C. (2000). Altruistic organizational citizenship behavior: context, disposition, and age. The Journal of Social Psychology, 140, pp.379-391.
Wasti, S. A. (2002). Affective and continuance commitment to the organization: test of an integrated model in the Turkish context. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 26, pp.525-550.
Werner, J. M. (1994). Dimensions that make a difference: Examining the impact of in-role and extra-role behaviors on supervisory ratings, Journal of Applied Psychology, 79(1), pp.98-107.
Whyte, W. (1956). The Organization Man, Garden City, New York: Doubleday Anchor Books.
Williams, L. J. & Anderson, S. E. (1991). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment as predictors of organizational citizenship and in-role behaviors, Journal of Management, 17(3), pp.601-617.