臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

對流體化床鍋爐而言，熱傳管的安排佈置是設計爐體的一大重點其會受燃料於爐內不同區段之釋熱量有很大的影響。同時將燃料於不同區段之釋熱量稱為燃燒份額，可由各區段之耗氧量求之。
本研究使用兩種不同之燃料：煤及刺竹，探討燃料特性與操作變數對床內燃燒份額之影響。於0.8 m長×0.4 m寬×4.7 m高之先導型渦旋式流體化床中進行實驗，將煤及刺竹分別於固定釋熱量130,000 kcal/hr，一次風總風量3 Nm3/min，二次風總風量2 Nm3/min，並在煙氣迴流模式下，改變床下計量氧及粒徑大小，探討操作條件對床內燃燒份額、污染物排放等影響，同時經本實驗室多年來研究燃燒份額之成果，迴歸各實驗數據得一經驗式，可用來模擬及預測各操作變數下，床內之燃燒份額。
實驗結果顯示，對於所有燃料而言，床內之燃燒份額隨床下計量氧增加而增加；煤隨粒徑增大，其床內燃燒份額亦隨之增加；在相同操作條件下，生質物之床內燃燒份額低於煤，係由於生質物含有高含量之揮發份，投料後揮發份易於較高之區域燃燒。此外，經數據迴歸後得床內燃燒份額之經驗式 ，在實驗值與迴歸值之比較上，其平均偏差為13.8%，標準偏差為18.7%，其結果能有效預測及模擬，不同燃料於不同操作參數下之床內燃燒份額，而各操作參數敏感性大小為: 二次風配風比 > 床下計量氧率 ≈ 床溫 > 燃料特性 ≈ 燃料粒徑。

An arrangement of heat exchanger is a key point in the design of fluidized boiler. This arrangement is depend on the amount of heat released in each section of the combustor, including bubbling zone and freeboard zones. In addition, heat release rate is defined as the amount of heat released in each section of the combustor. Heat release rate can be calculated from the oxygen consumption of each section per total oxygen consumption. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between in-bed heat release rate and fuel properties, such as particle size, volatile/fixed carbon ratio. The effects of in-bed stoichiometric oxygen ratio on in-bed heat release rate are also investigated.
Combustor can be divided into two regions from bottom to top, namely, bed zone and freeboard zone. The two types of fuels, coal and thorny bamboo are used as feeding material. The particle size of the coal ranges from 854 to 3644 μm. The operated in-bed stoichiometric oxygen ratios are between 80% and 100%. Total primary air is 3 Nm3/min and the secondary air is 2 Nm3/min. The excess oxygen ratio was kept at 40%. The silica sand is used as the bed material.
The experimental result shows that the in-bed heat release rate is increased with the decreasing volatile/fixed carbon ratio in all fuels. As the mean particle size is increased, the in-bed heat release rate is also increased. Here we regress the data to build the empirical equation, . It can be summarized that the effect of fuel properties on the in-bed heat release rate is insignificant.

目錄
中文摘要 I
Abstract II
誌謝 III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VIII
表目錄 XI
第一章 緒論 12
第二章 文獻回顧 13
2.1固體燃料之特性及燃燒特性 13
2.1.1化石燃料 15
2.1.2 生質燃料 16
2.2 揮發份燃燒機制 16
2.2.1 揮發份之釋放 17
2.2.2 揮發份之燃燒 21
2.3 固定碳之燃燒機制 22
2.4 操作參數對床內燃燒份額之影響 26
第三章 實驗設備與操作方法 35
3.1 實驗設備 35
3.1.1 渦旋式流體化床燃燒爐主體 35
3.1.2 進料及送風系統 41
3.1.3 熱交換系統 44
3.1.4 煙氣處理系統 45
3.2 燃料與床質特性 51
3.2.1 燃料特性 51
3.2.2 床質 55
3.3 操作方法與實驗參數 57
3.3.1 開爐與操作方法 57
3.3.2 採樣方法與分析儀器 57
3.3.3 操作條件 59
3.4 燃燒份額迴歸方程式 60
3.4.1 多變數非線性迴歸方程式推導 61
3.4.2 操作參數對燃燒份額之敏感性分析 63
第四章 結果與討論 65
4.1床內燃燒份額與操作參數及燃料特性之關係 65
4.1.1 床內燃燒份額與操作參數之關係 65
4.1.1.1 床下計量氧對床內燃燒份額之影響 65
4.1.1.2床溫對床內燃燒份額之影響 67
4.1.1.3二次風配風比對床內燃燒份額之影響 69
4.1.2床內燃燒份額與及燃料特性之關係 70
4.1.2.1 燃料粒徑對床內燃燒份額之影響 70
4.1.2.2 揮發份/固定碳比率對床內燃燒份額之影響 72
4.2床內燃燒份額迴歸經驗方程式之建立 74
4.2.1迴歸經驗式之驗證 78
4.2.1.1迴歸經驗式之驗證－本研究之新數據 78
4.2.2.2迴歸經驗式之驗證－與其他學者 79
4.3操作變數對床內燃燒份額之敏感性分析 81
4.3.1以Saltelli, A.的sensitivity theory對床內燃燒份額作敏感性分析 81
4.3.2以回應曲面法 (Response Surface Methodology, RSM)對床內燃燒份額作敏感性分析 85
第五章 結論與建議 89
5.1 結論 89
5.2 建議 90
符號說明 91
參考文獻 94
附錄 A 液態氮管路之流量計校正曲線 101
液態氮管路二次風浮子流量計之流量校正曲線 101
附錄 B 燃料進料量校正曲線 102
B-1 煤(3644 μ m)進料量校正曲線 102
B-2 煤(854 μ m)進料量校正曲線 103
B-3刺竹造粒進料量校正曲線 104
附錄C 實驗爐操作方法 105
C-1 開爐前準備工作 105
C-2 開爐步驟 110
C-3 停爐步驟 115
附錄 D 氣體分析儀器之規格與功能 118
D-1 氧濃度分析儀 118
D-2 煙道氣體分析儀 119
 
圖目錄
Fig. 2- 1 Overall schematic of solid fuel combustion (Tillman, 1991). 14
Fig. 2- 2 Plume in the bed. (Park et al., 1980) 19
Fig. 2- 3 Gas and volatile flow patterns around the fuel particle. （Fiorentino et al., 1997） 20
Fig. 2- 4 Schematic of the model for volatile matter combustion.（Atimtay, 1987） 20
Fig. 2- 5 Schematic shrinking particle model. (Levenspiel, 1999) 25
Fig. 2- 6 Schematic shrinking core model. (Levenspiel, 1999) 25
Fig. 2- 7 Schematic uniform internal burning model. (Levenspiel, 1999) 25
Fig. 3- 1 Flow diagram of the vortex fluidized bed combustion system. 36
Fig. 3- 2 Schematic diameter of the vortex fluidized bed combustor. 37
Fig. 3- 3 Schematic diagram of windbox. 39
Fig. 3- 4 Schematic diagram of combustor chamber. 39
Fig. 3- 5 Schematic diagram of freeboard. 40
Fig. 3- 6 Top view of the secondary gas injection in the bubbling fluidized bed combustor. 40
Fig. 3- 7 Flow diagram of system. 43
Fig. 3- 8 Schematic diagram of cyclone. 45
Fig. 3- 9 Schematic diagram of quench tower. 48
Fig. 3- 10 Schematic diagram of bag house. 49
Fig. 3- 11 Schematic diagram of scrubber. 50
Fig. 3- 12 Particle size distribution of 854 μm coal. 52
Fig. 3- 13 Particle size distribution of 3644 μm coal. 52
Fig. 3- 14 Different fuels used in this study. 53
Fig. 3- 15 Cumulative weight percent of silica sand. 56
Fig. 3- 16 Partial differential schematic. 64
Fig. 4- 1 Effects of In-bed stoichiometric oxygen ratio on In-bed heat release rate with various fuels. (total primary gas flow rate = 3 Nm3/min, secondary gas flow rate = 2 Nm3/min, EO = 40%). 66
Fig. 4- 2 Effects of bed temperature on In-bed heat release rate with various fuels. (total primary gas flow rate = 3 Nm3/min, secondary gas flow rate = 2 Nm3/min, Sb = 90%). 68
Fig. 4- 3 Effects of secondary air flow ratio on In-bed heat release rate with crushed peanut shell. (Sb = 90%, Eo = 50%, total primary gas flow rate = 3 Nm3/min, total oxygen = 0.8175 Nm3/min, add 0, 0.44, 0.75, 1 Nm3/min N2 to secondary gas). 69
Fig. 4- 4 Effects of fuel particle size on In-bed heat release rate with various fuels. (total primary gas flow rate = 3 Nm3/min, secondary gas flow rate = 2 Nm3/min, Sb = 90%, EO = 40%). 71
Fig. 4- 5 Effect of volatile/fixed-carbon ratio on In-bed heat release rate within the pilot VFBC. (total primary gas flow rate = 3 Nm3/min, secondary gas flow rate = 2 Nm3/min, Sb = 90%, EO = 40%). 73
Fig. 4- 6 Comparison between regression in-bed heat release rate and experimental in-bed heat release rate of various fuels. 75
Fig. 4- 7 Comparison between new regression in-bed heat release rate and experimental in-bed heat release rate of various fuels. 77
Fig. A-1 Calibration curve of nitrogen at gauge pressure 1 kg/cm2. 101
Fig. B-1 Feeding calibration curve of 3644 μm coal. 102
Fig. B-2 Feeding calibration curve of 854 μm coal. 103
Fig. B-3 Feeding calibration curve of pelletized bamboo. 104

 
表目錄
Table 2- 1 Approximate and ultimate analysis of fuels in fluidization research laboratory. 30
Table 2- 2 The summary of the various operating parameter on heat release rate from the fluidization research laboratory at Chung Yuan Christian University. 31
Table 3- 1Approximate and ultimate analysis of fuels. 54
Table 3- 2 Particle distribution of silica sand. 56
Table 3- 3 Experimental conditions. 59
Table 4- 1 Operating conditions. 74
Table 4- 5 Sensitivity analysis of all available data in this study. 82
Table 4- 5 Sensitivity analysis of all available data in this study. 83
Table 4- 8 Coded factors, coded levels and corresponding operating parameters and value. 86
Table 4- 9 Five-Factor-Three-Level Box-Behnken experimeantal design 86
Table 4- 10 Sensitivity analysis of each parameter on response surface methodology. 88

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