臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

採用玻璃筒法檢測葡萄柚、檸檬、薄荷、茶樹、迷迭香、天竺葵、香茅及苦楝等八種植物精油(essential oils)對普通家蠅（Musca domestica.）及小黃家蟻（Monomorium pharaonis）的殺蟲效能。由試驗結果發現，於供試之八種植物精油中，以薄荷、天竺葵、香茅、葡萄柚及迷迭香精由對普通家蠅的致死效果較佳。於噴灑處理後72小時，薄荷及天竺葵精油300倍稀釋液對普通家蠅之致死率均為100%，香茅、葡萄柚及迷迭香精油200倍稀釋液對普通家蠅之致死率依次為100%、93%及95%。植物精油對普通家蠅之50％致死濃度（50％ lethal concentration, LC50）以薄荷、天竺葵及葡萄柚三種精油之毒性較高，其LC50依次各為204ppm、234ppm及329ppm。
對小黃家蟻而言，上述八種植物精油中以苦楝、薄荷、天竺葵、迷迭香及葡萄柚精油之殺蟲效果較好，於噴灑處理後48小時，此五種精油300倍稀釋液對小黃家蟻之致死率依次為100%、100%、90%、90%及88%。植物精油對小黃家蟻之50％致死濃度以苦楝、薄荷及香茅精油之毒性較高，其LC50依次為226ppm、323ppm及526ppm。本試驗結果顯示：薄荷、天竺葵、葡萄柚、香茅及苦楝五種植物精油均具有良好之殺蟲效果。

The objective of this study was to evaluate the mortality of eight plant essential oils (extracted from grapefruit, lemon, peppermint, tea-tree, rosemary, geranium, citronella and neem) to the housefly (Musca domestica) and the pharaoh ant (Monomorium pharaonis). The efficacy of each essential oil was evaluated with the spraying method of glass cylinder. The higher mortality of eight essential oils to houseflies, at the time of 72 hours after treatment, were peppermint and geranium with 100% mortality on the condition of 300X of dilution, citronella, grapefruit and rosemary with 100%, 93% and 95% mortality respectively on the condition of 200X of dilution. The higher toxicity of essential oils were peppermint with 204ppm, geranium with 234ppm and grapefruit with 329ppm, depending on the 50% lethal concentration (LC50).
The higher mortality of eight essential oils to the workers of pharaoh ants, at the time of 48 hours after treatment, were neem, peppermint, geranium, rosemary and grapefruit with 100%, 100%, 90%, 90% and 88%, respectively on the condition of 300X of dilution. The higher toxicity of essential oils, depending on the LC50, were neem, peppermint and citronella with 226ppm, 323ppm and 526ppm, respectively. The results showed that the essential oils of peppermint, geranium, grapefruit, citronella and neem had the good effectiveness for killing insect pests.

目錄
誌 謝 i
中文摘要 ii
英文摘要 iii
目錄 v
表次 vii
圖次 viii
前言 1
往昔研究 5
一、普通家蠅之分類地位及生活研究 5
二、普通家蠅之防治 6
三、小黃家蟻之分類地位及防治 9
四、植物精油成分及效能 10
五、植物精油在害蟲防治之研究 11
材料與方法 15
一、供試蟲源及飼育方法 15
(一) 普通家蠅 15
(二) 小黃家蟻 15
二、供試植物精油 16
三、試驗器材 18
四、植物精油對普通家蠅及小黃家蟻之致死效果試驗 20
(一) 普通家蠅試驗 20
(二) 小黃家蟻試驗 21
五、統計分析 22
結果 23
一、植物精油對普通家蠅之殺蟲效果 23
二、植物精油對小黃家蟻之殺蟲效果 26
討論 31
參考文獻 35
表 45
圖 51
附錄：玻璃筒試驗設備圖（引自環保署） 68

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