臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本試驗為探討薄層介質無土栽培應用於短期葉菜類自動化生產模式之開發應用，乃以’三鳳’小白菜為植物材料，並利用泥炭苔、金針菇木屑堆肥、稻殼、真珠石等材料為介質進行一系列之試驗。期望自動化、工廠化之生產模式能降低成本，更生產清潔健康的生鮮葉菜，達到提高產業競爭之目標。
利用商用Florafleur-001H介質之1公分、2公分、3公分介質厚度栽植小白菜。介質愈薄者，在栽培初期介質溫度容易受到環境的影響而提高介質溫度，使介質溶液中鹽類濃度上升，提高介質EC值提高，造成作物之水分吸收困難。株高、莖粗、葉片數、葉面積以及單株鮮乾重皆明顯受到抑制，在3公分介質厚度者之植株生長之情形與產量最佳。但是此介質以薄層方式栽植小白菜，可發現其介質由薄至厚其充氣孔隙度分別僅有 10％、12.4％及14.9％，造成栽培管理過程中之不便。若經由稻殼或真珠石介質調整為原來之1.5~2.5倍之改善其物理性後後，小白菜植株之莖粗、葉片生長、植株鮮乾重以及最終產量均能獲得提升。
分析金針菇木屑堆肥、泥炭苔、稻殼、真珠石與土壤之介質理化性質。不同容器高度之介質容器容水量以金針菇木屑堆肥與泥炭苔最高分別可達58-67%與67-77%之間，隨著容器高度增加，介質容器容水量降低，相對充氣孔隙度增加之趨勢。在容器中介質體積有效水含量無顯著差異，但是高容器者之介質體積及有效水高於淺容器者，相對淺容器中之介質體積緩衝水大於高容器者。稻殼與真珠石於>2.0㎜之粒徑所佔比例最高，稻殼介質充氣孔隙可達80-86%，真珠石則有44-51%。以泥炭苔、金針菇木屑堆肥、稻殼三種介質材料作為配方設計在小白菜之生長盛期達到最低之通氣需求後，介質有效水含量愈高者，能夠提高愈多之介質水分供應作物之生長與發育之用，其中以泥炭苔、金針菇木屑堆肥、稻殼 = 3：2：1能達到這種需求，予以提高小白菜葉片之光合作用速率，因此在介質配方設計其所得之產量最高。

Abstract
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the feasibility of using medium film culture techniques in automatic conveyer system for short season vegetable production. ‘San-Feng’ pak-choi (Brassica campestris L. Chinensis Group) was used as plant materials and peat moss (PM), golden mushroom compost (GMC), rice hull (RH), and perlite (PR) as soilless mediums. Media either from commercial or from self-designed formulas were tested in different thickness for pak-choi growth.
Results indicated that as the material Florafleur-001H medium thickness decreased from 3 cm to 1 cm, medium temperature, electrical conductivity (EC) increased, and leaf turgor decreased also during the early growth stage. Plant heights, stem diameters, leaf numbers, leaf sizes, and dry weights were decreased significantly also as medium thickness decreased. The best yields of 3.70 kg/m2 was obtained on the medium thickness at 3 cm. Since the air filled porosity (AFP) of mediums decreased from 10% to 14.9% at 1 cm thick. This caused great inconvenience in cultivation management. Commercial medium amendment by adding 10~30% of RH or 20~40% of PR could increase AFP by 1.5% to 2.5%.
Among the physical characteristics analysis of GMC, PM, RH, PR, and soil, the container capacity (CC) of GM and PM were 58-67% and 67-77%, respectively, and were significantly higher than all other materials. As the height of container increased, CC decreased, AFP increased. Although the easily available water (EAW) content was not significant different among tested medium materials, the EAW of all materials in taller containers were found higher than those in shorter one. In the contrary, the water buffer capacity (WBC) in shorter containers was significantly less than that of taller containers. RH and PR had the highest portion of particle size above 2 mm thus had the highest AFP at 80-86% and 44-51%, respectively. Three different medium formulas were designed according to the physical and chemical characteristics of tested medium materials. The best plant growth and highest final yield was obtained from the formula of PM: GMC: RH = 3:2:1 (v/v) which had TP, AFP, CC, EAW, WBC, and BD for 94.7%, 39.6%, 55%, 23.5%, 7.7%, and 0.12g/cm3, respectively.

目 次
壹、前言……………………………………………………………………….1
貳、前人研究
一、無土介質栽培之研究現況……………………………………………2
二、無土栽培介質之性質與其理想範圍…………………………………8
三、介質容積對作物生長之影響…………………………………………15
參、材料與方法
試驗一、栽培介質物理與化學性質之分析………………………………21
試驗二、不同介質厚度對小白菜植株生育與產量之影響………………25
試驗三、薄層介質物理性對小白菜植株生育之影響……………………31
試驗四、不同栽培介質配方對小白菜植株生育之影響…………….…...33
肆、試驗結果
一、介質材料之理化性分析………………………………………….…...35
二、不同介質厚度對小白菜植株生育與產量之影響……………….…..46
三、介質添加稻殼或珍珠石改善物理性對小白菜植株生育與產量之影響………………………………………………………………...…..61
四、不同介質材料組合配方對小白菜植株生育之影響…………………75
伍、討論
一、介質材料之理化特性與理想介質之關係…………………………..90
二、栽培介質厚度對小白菜植株生育之影響…………………………..95
三、改善介質充氣孔隙對小白菜生育之影響………………………..…99
四、介質材料組合對小白菜生育及產量之影響………………………102
陸、結論………………………………………………………………….…106
柒、中文摘要………………………………………………………….……108
捌、英文摘要……………………………………………………………….109
玖、參考文獻………………………………………………………….……111
圖目錄
圖1、容器高度對五種供試介質材料三相分佈之影響……………………41
圖2、五種介質材料之水分釋放特性………………………………………42
圖3、容器高度對金珍菇堆肥、泥炭苔、稻殼、真珠石等介質水分
釋放特性之影響………………...…………………………………….43
圖4、不同栽培介質厚度處理對’三鳳’小白菜生長速率之影響………….50
圖5、不同栽培介質厚度處理對’三鳳’小白菜葉片生長速率之影響…….51
圖6、不同栽培介質厚度處理對’三鳳’小白菜鮮乾重累積之影響……….52
圖7、不同栽培介質厚度對’三鳳’小白菜產單位面積量之影響………….53
圖8、葉綠素計讀值與實際葉綠素含量之相關性…………………………54
圖9、不同栽培介質厚度對’三鳳’小白菜碳水化合物含量之影響……56
圖10、容器高度對Florafleur-001H介質水分釋放特性之影響…………..59
圖11、商用介質Florafleur-001H添加不同比率之稻殼或真珠石後對
介質水分釋放特性之影響………………………………………….67
圖12、商用介質Florafleur-001H添加不同稻殼或真珠石比例對
’三鳳’小白菜葉片之碳水化合物含量之影響………………….…...71
圖13、商用介質Florafleur-001H添加稻殼或真珠石不同比例對
小白菜產量之影響…………………………………………………74
圖14、不同設計配方介質之水分釋放特性……..………………………….82
圖15、不同介質設計配方對’三鳳’小白菜單位面積產量之影響…….……86
圖16、不同介質設計配方對’三鳳’小白菜葉片之碳水化合物含量之影響.89
表目錄
表一、五種供試介質材料之粒徑分佈………………………………………39
表二、裝填介質之容器高度對介質充氣孔隙度與有效水含量之影響……40
表三、五種供試介質材料之pH、EC值、及陽離子交換能力……………44
表四、五種供試介質之交換性磷、鉀、鈣、鎂、鈉元素含量……………45
表五、不同栽培介質厚度處理對’三鳳’小白菜葉片水分潛勢、滲透潛勢
與膨壓之影響…………………………………………………………53
表六、不同栽培厚度處理對’三鳳’小白菜葉綠素含量之影響…………….55
表七、不同栽培介質厚度處理對’三鳳’小白菜、蒸散速率、氣孔導度
與光合作用速率之影響………………………………………………56
表八、不同栽培介質厚度處理對’三鳳’小白菜大量元素含量之影響…….57
表九、不同栽培介質厚度處理對’三鳳’小白菜微量元素含量之影響…….57
表十、容器高度對商用介質Florafleur-001H物理性之影響………………58
表十一、小白菜不同栽培厚度處理對介質種植前後栽植床不同位置pH
與EC值之變化……………………………………………………….60
表十二、商用介質Florafleur-001H添加稻殼或真珠石比率對介質粒徑
分佈之影響……………………………………………………...……65
表十三、商用介質Florafleur-001H添加稻殼或真珠石比率對介質
物理性之影響……………………………………..…….…………66
表十四、商用介質Florafleur-001H添加稻殼或真珠石比率於種植前後
不同位置之pH與EC之變化…………………………………….68
表十五、商用介質添加稻殼或真珠石比率對小白菜葉片葉綠素含量
之影響……………………………………………………………...69
表十六、商用介質Florafleur-001H添加稻殼或真珠石比率對’三鳳’
小白菜光合作用速率、蒸散速率、氣孔導度之影響…………...70
表十七、商用介質Florafleur-001H添加稻殼或真珠石比率對’三鳳’
小白菜植株生育性狀之影響…………………………...…………72
表十八、商用介質Florafleur-001H添加稻殼或真珠石比率對小白菜
地上部及地下部鮮乾重之影響…………………………...………73
表十九、不同設計配方介質對物理性之影響………………………….……80
表二十、不同設計配方介質對粒徑分佈之影響……………………………81
表二十一、不同設計配方介質於種植前與種植後不同位置之pH
與EC之變化……………………………………………………….83
表二十二、不同介質設計配方對’三鳳’小白菜生育性狀之影響………….84
表二十三、不同介質設計配方對’三鳳’小白菜鮮乾重之影響…………….85
表二十四、不同介質配方設計對小白菜葉綠素含量之影響……………………87
表二十五、不同介質設計配方對’三鳳’小白菜光合作用速率、蒸散速率
、氣孔導度之影響…………………………………………………88

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