臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

‘萬家香’及‘麗香’辣椒，以土壤盆栽方式栽培，利用灌溉方式使植物處於淹水、缺水環境下，分析於水分逆境時植株及果實生育情形、果實內辣味合成及分解相關酵素。
試驗調查二品種開花40天後植株性狀及果實內辣味含量，於缺水處理時植株重量下降、葉片面積減少、葉綠素含量低，果實內胎座比例增加，‘萬家香’於缺水時，植株生育所受之影響較顯著。淹水處理時植株之莖粗及枝條長度皆較對照與缺水處理高，部分植株生育性狀則與對照組呈顯著差異。於果實生育情形受水分處理影響則以‘麗香’較顯著。果實辣椒素(capsaicin)與二氫辣椒素(dihydrocapsaicin)於單位乾重中以缺水處理含量高，於果實總含量則以淹水處理較對照組高。
辣椒果實生長過程中，於發育初期二品種果實之長、寬、果重及胎座鮮重快速增加，30天後則生長速率緩慢，於水分處理間，以對照組較其他水分處理者生長快速。果實發育10天時可測得‘萬家香’與‘麗香’於胎座中含量為每克乾重中含0.09mg及0.41mg。30天後capsaicin含量下降，處理間以缺水處理者高，二品種果實中以‘麗香’對水分逆境之表現影響較為顯著。於缺水處理時，‘萬家香’中PAL (Phenylalanine ammonia lyase)酵素含量增加，‘麗香’則以其活性增加較顯著。‘萬家香’於水分處理下，Capsaicin累積量與酵素活性之關係以peroxidase較PAL之相關性顯著。
利用Hoagland養液栽培‘麗香’辣椒，以6% PEG 6000之養液為缺水處理組。對照組植株生育顯著較水分處理者佳，果實性狀則差異不顯著，果實中辣味之含量，則受水分逆境之影響。於缺水處理時，平均果實單位乾重中所含之capsaicin與dihydrocapsaicin含量皆顯著高於對照組，果實內capsaicinoids總含量則無顯著差異。

Two cultivars of pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L. var. annuum) were grown in pots, using three different water treatments to determine the effect of water on the growth of plant and the component on fruit.
After flowering 40 days, the plants in the drought treatment had less leaf area, lower chlorophyll content and less aboveground dry mass production, but higher ratio of placenta in fruits than the plants in other treatments. The plants in flooding treatment produced the long branches and big stem diameter. Effects of the soil water stress on the ‘Beauty Zest’ fruit growth were severity. The amounts of capsaicinoids (capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin) in pepper fruits of water-stressed plants were higher than in control plants, especially under the drought treatment.
The length, width, and weights of fruit were increased quickly until the 30 days after flowering, especially the fruit in control plant. After flowering 10 days, the amount of capsaicin was 0.09mg in the placenta of the ‘Home Flavor’ pepper fruit, and 0.41mg was detected in the ‘Beauty Zest’. The capsaicin content in the placenta of fruit was increased. The amount of capsaicin in the ‘Beauty Zest’ pepper fruits was higher than those in ‘Home flavor’ under water deficit following the fruit growth until 30 days. Under the soil water treatments, the amount of PAL, first enzyme in capsaicin synthetic pathway, was increased and peroxidase activity was decreased.
The ‘Beauty Zest’ pepper plants were grown in pots filled with the Hoagland nutrient solution containing 0 and 6% PEG 6000. Plant growth was significantly reduced and fruit growth was unaffected by PEG treatment. The amount of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin per gram of dry fruit in the PEG treatment were significantly increased, but the amounts in the whole fruit were not significantly influenced. These results of these experiments suggested that water stress had effect upon the accumulation of capsaicinoids.

目 錄
壹、中文摘要…………………………………………………………………i
貳、英文摘要…………………………………………………………………ii
參、前言………………………………………………………………………1
肆、前人研究
一、水分逆境影響番椒生長與發育…………………………………………2
二、番椒果實辣味之生合成…………………………………………………4
三、辣味素之測量方式………………………………………………………8
四、影響辣味素在果實中累積之因素………………………………………9
伍、材料與方法
一、土壤水分處理對辣椒植株與果實生育之影響…………………………13
二、PEG 缺水逆境對辣椒植株生育與果實品質之影響……………………18
陸、結果
一、土壤水分含量及葉片相水分含量………………………………………20
二、土壤水分處理下辣椒之植株生長情形…………………………………20
三、土壤水分處理下辣椒開花與果實之生育………………………………20
四、水分處理下不同時期果實生長情形……………………………………29
五、水分處理下不同時期果實內之組成分及 PAL、peroxidase之表現…30
六、PEG 水分處理下對番椒生育之影響……………………………………44
柒、討論
一、水分處理對番椒植株生育之影響………………………………………51
二、水分處理辣椒生殖生長及果實生育之影響……………………………52
三、水分逆境下果實Capsaicinoids 含量之影響…………………………56
四、土壤水分處理與水耕水分逆境之比較…………………………………57
捌、參考文獻…………………………………………………………………59
玖、附表………………………………………………………………………68

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