臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

蜂蜜與蜂膠為市面上最常見的蜂產品，除了其所含有的保健功效以外，兩者皆具有良好的抑菌功效。隨著抗藥性菌株感染率逐年增加，抗生素對抗藥性菌株的抑制效果變差，蜂蜜與蜂膠抑菌活性的相關研究越來越受到重視。目前康維他公司所產的20+麥蘆卡蜂蜜（Comvita 20+ Manuka honey），以證實具有抑菌效果，而台灣蜂蜜在抑菌效果方面，尚未被證實。本論文藉由探討四種常見且產量高的台灣蜂蜜抑菌活性，包含不同批次的龍眼蜜與百花蜜，評估其作為醫療級蜂蜜的潛力。 抑菌試驗使用孔洞擴散法（Agar well diffusion method）與96孔盤最低抑菌濃度試驗（96-well minimum inhibitory concentration；MIC）測試國產蜂蜜 對臨床與實驗室金黃色葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus aureus）與抗甲基青黴素金黃色葡萄球菌（Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus；MRSA）的抑菌活性，並選用20+麥蘆卡蜂蜜與市售假蜜作為對照。結果顯示國產蜂蜜對MSSA與MRSA的抑菌圈大小優於麥蘆卡蜂蜜，且對臨床菌株抑菌圈最高可到32.05 ± 0.8 mm。在MIC試驗中，國產蜂蜜同樣對MRSA具有良好的抑制效果，不論在臨床菌株或是標準菌株MIC皆可達到1.56%，最低殺菌濃度（Minimum Bactericidal Concentration；MBC）也具有1.56~3.13%。 台灣綠蜂膠對MRSA同樣具有良好的效果，其MIC可低於1.95 mg/L，MBC則為3.9 mg/L。不論是在蜂蜜或是蜂膠中皆顯現了比麥蘆卡蜂蜜較高或是相同的抑菌活性，具有開發成為醫療級藥物的潛力。

Honey and propolis are common bee products, which have health benefits; besides, they have excellent antibacterial effect. Due to the increasing of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains, antibacterial activities of honey and propolis are getting more valuable and there are more relative researches were done yearly. To date, the antibacterial activity of 20+ manuka honey (Comvita company) was demonstrated, however, there is no any study about Taiwan honeys. In the study, the antibacterial activity of four common and high yield Taiwan honeys (including multiflora honey and longan honey) were evaluated using to agar well diffusion method and 96-well minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against the clinical and standard Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) for the potential as Medihoney. Antibacterial test used. Comvita company 20+ manuka honey and commercial fake honey are used as positive and negative control. The results showed that Taiwan honey has higher inhibitory effect to MSSA and MRSA than manuka honey, the inhibition zone was up to 32.05 ± 0.8 mm, in diameter. In the MIC test, Taiwan honey has a good inhibitory effect to MRSA, either on the all of standard strain or clinical strains, MIC was down to 1.56% and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were as low as 1.56% to 3.13%. For Taiwanese green propolis, it also has a good inhibitory effect to MRSA, the MIC was less than 0.98 mg/L and MBC was 1.95 mg/L. In conclusion, the antibacterial activities of honey and propolis are similar or even higher than manuka honey, therefore they have highly potential to be developed for medical application.

壹、前言 1
貳、往昔研究 3
一、蜂蜜 3
二、蜂蜜組成與特性 3
三、蜂蜜的藥理作用 5
1. 抗微生物活性 5
2. 營養補給作用 6
3. 調整胃腸道疾病作用 6
4. 促進傷口癒合作用 6
5. 抗發炎作用 7
四、蜂蜜的經濟價值 7
五、蜂膠 8
六、蜂膠組成與特性 9
七、細菌與致病性 10
八、生物膜（biofilm） 11
九、金黃色葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus aureus） 11
1. 金黃色葡萄球菌毒性因子（virulence factor） 12
2. 抗藥性機制 12
3. 細菌感染主要治療方法 13
參、實驗目的與實驗架構 15
肆、材料與方法 16
一、蜂蜜與蜂膠樣品來源與存放 16
二、微生物來源與培養條件 16
三、孔洞擴散試驗 17
四、細菌生長曲線 17
伍、結果 19
一、 蜂蜜抗微生物活性 19
1. 孔洞擴散試驗（Agar well diffusion method） 19
2. 細菌生長曲線（Bacterial growth curve） 20
3. 最低抑菌與殺菌濃度試驗 21
二、蜂膠抗微生物活性 22
1. 細菌生長曲線 22
2. 最低抑菌與殺菌濃度試驗 22
陸、討論 23
柒、結論 26
捌、參考文獻 27
玖、圖表 36
拾、附錄 50

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