臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究利用修改過之商業熱水鍋爐，以高級柴油為燃料， 探討不同操作條件下之燃燒特性及污染物排放情形。本實驗除修改燃燒器外，並藉由調整空氣之軸向與徑向流量，以調節不同之當量比及渦漩數。實驗參數控制範圍為當量比0.8~1.1、渦漩數0~1.0、煙道氣迴流量0~12 %及燃油噴嘴角度45、60、80度等，藉由以上參數之改變以探討鍋爐內燃燒效率和污染物生成之影響，進而尋找出最佳之操作環境。此外，藉由火焰結構的觀察以了解不同操作條件下火焰之燃燒行為。
由實驗結果發現，燃燒室內沿噴嘴方向之火焰反應溫度隨著渦漩度的增強而升高；而垂直於噴射方向之整體溫度分佈隨著渦漩度的增加而略為降低。另一方面，渦漩的增強使得燃燒室中心位置NO之生成增加，其他位置的分佈則略為下降。至於排煙道處，因溫度遠低於燃燒室，加上上游之混合作用，故排煙道內生成物濃度沿徑向位置的分佈均勻。
在當量比0.9，不同煙道氣流量之燃燒反應下，燃燒室內整體溫度的分佈會隨著煙道氣流量的增加逐漸下降，而在排煙道處，因煙道氣具有預熱入口空氣的作用，故溫度的分佈隨煙道氣流量的增加而略為上升，但整體之NO濃度則有明顯減少。此外，在多項實驗組合下，當量比0.9、固定煙道氣流量8 %、渦漩數0.4且霧化噴嘴角度80度的燃燒情形下，有較佳的燃燒溫度及最低的NO排放量，其NO減量約為20~25 %。
從火焰結構之觀察可知，在主燃燒區之火焰顏色會隨著煙道氣流量的增加，由高溫之黃白色轉為溫度較低之橘黃色。而火焰後端外圍因氣體燃燒後生成CO2及水汽(Water Vapor)成分的放射能而呈現出一層紅色的火焰光芒。此外，隨著渦漩度的增強，火焰之流線結構逐漸由平順轉為波動較為劇烈。

In this research a modified commerical boiler, which burns diesel oil, is used to study the combustion characteristics and pollution of the exhausting products under various operating conditions. In our experiments, the oil-burner designs are modified, and the different equivalence ratios and swirl numbers can be controlled by adjusting fuel-air ratio. The controlling rangesof the various experimental parameters include equivalence ratio from 0.8 to 1.1, swirl number from 0 to 1.0, recirculated flue gas from 0 to 12 %, and jet spray angle including45°、60° and 80°. These controlling variables are used to study effects of the combustion efficiency and pollutant formations; eventually, we certain hope that optimized operating conditions can be found. A photographic technology is used to study the flame structures to help us understand-
ing the behaviors of the flame under various operating condition.
From the experimental results, we find when the strength of swirl increases, the temperatures along the injection direction of burner increases, but the temperature along the radius direction decreases. At the same time, NO concentration increases near the main combustion region, and decreases in the other region. The temperature in the flue is much lower than in combustiob zoon. The radius distribution of product concentration in flue is quite uniform due to the mixing effect in up-
stream.
At equivalence ratio0.9, the temperature distribution in combustion zone decrease, when the flow rate of recirculated flue gas increase. When the flow rate of recirculated flue gas increases, the temperature in the flue increase; however, the over-
all concentration in any region decreases obviously. Through a series of experimental works, the certain best combinations
with higher combustion efficiency and lower NO emission can be found. One of the combination is equivalence ratio at 0.9, the flow rate of recirculated flue gas at 8 %, swirl number at 0.4 and spray angle at 80 degree. The deduction rate of NO is 20~25 %.
Flame structures display that when the flow rates of the recirculated flue gas increase, the flame colors in primary com-
bustion region changed gradually from white-yellow to orange-red. The flame outside of the primary combustion region exhibits the red color which is due to the formation of CO2 and water vapor. On the other hands, with the increase of swirl, the streamlines of the flame changed gradually from smooth to strongly disturbance

中 文 摘 要 I
AbstractIII
目 錄 V
圖 目 錄 VIII
表 目 錄 XIII
符 號 說 明 XIV
第 一 章 緒 論 1
1.1前 言 1
1.2文 獻 回 顧 2
1.3研 究 目 的 6
第 二 章 理 論 背 景 8
2.1氮 氧 化 物 ( NOx ) 8
2.1.1熱 氮 氧 化 物 ( Thermal NOx ) 9
2.1.2迅 生 氮 氧 化 物 ( Prompt NOx ) 10
2.1.3燃 料 氮 氧 化 物 ( Fuel NOx ) 12
2.2煙 道 氣 迴 流 法 (Fuel Gas Recirculation, FGR)14
2.3渦 旋 度 15
2.4柴 油 之 理 論 燃 燒 反 應 16
2.5火 焰 結 構 分 析 18
第 三 章 實 驗 原 理 及 設 備 介 紹 20
3.1實 驗設 備 工 作 原 理與 簡 介 20
3.2鍋 爐 燃燒 設 備 21
3.3燃 料 供 應 系 統 22
3.4空 氣 供 應 系 統 22
3.5點 火 系 統 暨 異 常 熄 火 警 告 系 統 24
3.6採 樣 系 統25
3.7信 號 處 理 系 統26
3.8實 驗 過 程 注 意 事 項 28
第 四 章 實 驗 結 果 與 分 析 30
4.1實 驗 設 備 之 穩 定 性 與 反 應 時 間 之 探 討 31
4.2燃 燒 室 內 反 應 溫 度 與 生 成 物濃 之分 佈 情 形 32
4.2.1燃 燒 室 內 徑 向 之 分 佈 情 形 32
4.2.2燃 燒 室 內軸 向 之 分 佈 情 形 33
4.2.3排 煙 道中生 成 物 溫 度 與 濃 度 徑 向 之 分 佈 情 形 34
4.3燃 燒 室 及 排 煙 道內 生 成 物平均溫度與 平 均濃度隨當量比 之 變動 情 形35
4.4不 同 渦 漩 數 對 燃 燒 反 應 溫 度 及 NO濃 度 的 影 響 36
4.4.1燃 燒 室 徑 向 之 分 佈 情 形 37
4.4.2燃 燒 室軸 向 之 分 佈 情 形 38
4.4.3排 煙 道 處 之 分 佈 情 形 38
4.5不 同煙 道 氣 流 量 對 燃 燒 反 應 溫 度與 生 成 物 濃 度的 影 響 39
4.5.1燃 燒 室徑 向之 分 佈 情 形 40
4.5.2燃 燒 室軸 向 之 分 佈 情 形 41
4.5.3排 煙 道 處 之 分 佈 情 形 41
4.6固 定 煙 道 氣 流 量 探 討 不 同 渦 漩 效應 的 影 響 42
4.6.1不 同 噴 嘴 角 度的 效 應 44
4.7不 同煙 道 氣 迴 流 量及 渦 漩數 下之 火 焰 結 構 45
第 五 章 結 論 與 建 議 46
5.1結 論 46
5.2未 來 可 進 行 之 工 作 47
參 考 文 獻49

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黃 裕 源 ， "柴 油 於 燃 燒 爐 中 之 燃 燒 特 性 與 污 染 物 排 放 分 析 "， 碩 士 論 文 ， 國 立 中 山 大 學 機 械 工 程 研 究 所 ， 中 華 民 國 八 十 六 年 六 月 。
呂 順 敏 ， "不 同 燃 油 燃 燒 器 設 計 對 鍋 爐 燃 燒 特 性 與 污 染 物 形 成 之 影 響 "， 碩 士 論 文 ， 國 立 中 山 大 學 機 械 工 程 研 究 所 ， 中 華 民 國 八 十 七 年 六 月 。