臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究探討由爐石粉(S)、F級飛灰(F)及循環式流化床燃燒飛灰(C)等三種工業副產品混合物所組成無水泥SFC膠結材之高強度自充填混凝土(SCC)工程性質與耐久性，也以拉拔試驗進行探討埋入鋼筋由此種SFC-SCC混凝土圍束時之鍵結行為，以瞭解其應用為結構混凝土之可能性，在循環式流化床燃燒飛灰重量佔爐石粉與F級飛灰混合物重量固定為15%之最佳比率以激發水合作用之情況下，利用F級飛灰佔0-50%大範圍重量比率調整SFC-SCC混凝土之新拌與硬固性質。
試驗結果顯示此種SFC-SCC之28天抗壓強度可達65.6 MPa.，F級飛灰重量比為30%時為最佳值，可達成優良流動與通過能力、較合宜耐久性、工程及鍵結性質，無水泥SFC-SCC混凝土工程與鍵結性質低於同水膠比之波特蘭水泥(OPC)混凝土，另一方面，在等值28天抗壓強度下，SFC-SCC鍵結強度與波特蘭水泥(OPC)混凝土相同，但所需混凝土保護層厚度較小，鍵結與抗壓強度關係分析顯示SFC-SCC混凝土鍵結品質與波特蘭水泥(OPC)混凝土相同優良，表示前者具有高度應用潛能，可作為實務基礎建設之另一種鋼筋混凝土。
由傅里葉轉換紅外光譜(FTIR)分析微觀結構結果明顯地顯示，SFC膠結材水化物主要由氫氧鈣石(portlandite, Ca(OH)2) and無水硫酸鈣(anhydrite, CaSO4)所組成，造成SFC粉具有水硬性質，硬固漿體水化物主要為鈣釩石(AFt)及矽鋁酸鈣(C-A-S-H)膠體，增加F級飛灰用量造成由於增加活性鋁所引致之高度鈣釩石(AFt)沈澱稀出。

This study investigated the engineering properties and durability of the high-strength self-compacting concrete (SCC) manufactured by an innovative no-cement SFC binder, which was purely produced with a ternary mixture of three industrial by-products of ground granulated blast furnace slag (S), low calcium Class F fly ash (F) and circulating fluidized bed combustion (CFBC) fly ash (C). To explore the possibility of applying this SFC-SCC to structural concrete, the bonding behaviors of the embedded steel bar confined by the SFC-SCC using the pull-out test was also conducted. With a fixed amount of circulating fluidized bed combustion fly ash at 15 wt.% of mixture of slag and Class F fly ash as the optimum value to activate the hydration, Class F fly ash in a wide range of 0-50 wt.% was used to adjust the properties of the SFC-SCCs at both fresh and hardened states.
Experimental results showed that the compressive strengths of the resulting SFC-SCC at age of 28 days reached the value up to 65.6 MPa. The added amount of Class F fly ash up to 30 wt.% was found to be an optimal amount to produce the SCC with excellent flowing and passing capability, preferable durability and mechanical and bonding properties. Both mechanical properties and bonding strength of the no-cement SFC-SCCs were found to be lower than those of the plain ordinary Portland cement (OPC) concretes with similar water to binder ratio (W/B). On the other hand, at the equivalent 28-day compressive strength, similar bonding strength of SFC-SCCs to that of the plain OPC concretes was observed, but the required covering thickness of SFC-SCCs was lower than that of OPC concretes. The analysis on relationship between bonding and compressive strengths showed that the bonding quality of the SFC-SCCs was as good as that of plain OPC concretes implying that the former also could has a high potential of application as an alternative reinforced concrete for practical infrastructural construction.
The results of microstructural analysis of the hydration products of SFC binder using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy obviously showed that they mainly consisted of portlandite (Ca(OH)2) and anhydrite (CaSO4) which attributed to the hydraulic property of SFC powder. The main hydration products of the hardened paste are ettringite (AFt) and calcium aluminum silicate hydrate (C–A–S–H) gel. An increase in Type F fly ash addition led to the higher degree of AFt precipitation induced by an increase of active alumina.

摘要 i
Abstract iii
Acknowledgements v
Contents vii
List of symbols and abbreviations ix
List of tables xi
List of figures xii
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
Chapter 2 Literature Review 7
2.1. Environmental impact of cement manufacture 7
2.2. Environmental impacts related to increase in energy demand 9
2.3. Sustainable development of construction materials 13
2.3.1. Utilization of supplementary cementitious material (SCM) 13
2.3.2. The utilization of alkali activated material (AAM) as free cement binder 18
2.3.3. The utilization of sulfate activated material (SAM) as low alkaline no-cement binder 22
2.3.4. The utilization of cementing binder using 100% industrial solid wastes 23
2.4. Objective and significance 25
2.5. Outline 27
Chapter 3 Experimental Program 29
3.1. Materials and mix proportions 29
3.1.1. Materials 29
3.1.2. Mix proportions 30
3.2. Test methods 32
3.2.1. Workability 32
3.2.2. Compressive strength and strength efficiency of concrete 33
3.2.3. Drying shrinkage 35
3.2.4. Dynamic and shear moduli 36
3.2.5. Ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) 38
3.2.6. Bonding behavior 39
3.2.7. Rapid chloride penetration test (RCPT) 41
3.2.8. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy 42
3.2.9. SEM/EDS and XRD 44
Chapter 4 Results and discussion 53
4.1. Examination on mineralization of SFC powder and microstructures of SFC based hardened pastes 53
4.1.1. Analysis on FTIR spectra of raw materials 53
4.1.2. Analysis on FTIR spectra hardened SFC paste 54
4.1.3. Analysis on XRD patterns 57
4.1.4. Analysis on SEM/EDS observation 58
4.1.5. Proposed hydration mechanism 59
4.2. Workability 62
4.3. Compressive strength 63
4.4. Strength efficiency (SE) of slag 65
4.5. Bonding behavior 67
4.5.1. Bonding strength 67
4.5.2. Load-slip relationship 70
4.5.3. Analysis on bonding quality 73
4.6. Dynamic elastic and shear moduli 73
4.7. Ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) 74
4.8. Drying Shrinkage 75
4.9. Chloride penetration resistance 76
Chapter 5 Conclusions 95
Chapter 6 Future application potentials, drawbacks, and further research 98
References 100

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