臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

　　本研究是關於碳鋼管和碳鋼平板試片經過磁力淨水處理(magnetic water treatment 簡稱MWT)所得碳酸鈣與氧化鐵垢層粉末結晶之微觀結構形態與光譜分析。MWT之原始水溶液為400 ppm CaCl2，每天添加50 ppm NaHCO3，持續操作一個月，酸鹼值變化在七與八之間，而碳鋼管中心之磁場強度為400 G，磁場作用時間為0.1 s/cycle，循環流速為0.5 m/s。此垢層粉末經由x-光繞射儀(XRD)，電子顯微鏡和振動光譜分析，在鈉離子、氯離子、氫氧根離子和磁流動(magnetohydrodynamic)力影響下，硬質結晶方解石(calcite)、軟質結晶霰石(aragonite)和磁鐵礦(magnetite)晶粒大小和形狀。方解石為奈米顆粒具有聚片雙晶，同時依特定{11-20}或{10-1 4}晶面聚簇成長成優選取向，此外有平行於(0-114)晶面之三倍週期之一維整齊超晶格(1-D commensurate superstructure)；霰石則偶爾形成菱面體假形，主要形成具有發達(01-1)晶面的長條狀，依[100]方向延伸幾微米長，而且有三倍於(01-1)晶面週期之一維整齊超晶格；而磁鐵礦是以(011)與(100)晶面為主，(111)晶面為輔的次微米級顆粒所組成，且可形成雙晶。由拉曼與紅外光譜分析凝聚物之離子配位情況，得知方解石、霰石和磁鐵礦晶格有明顯吸附OH-基，而其各自之特徵峰波數與天然礦物略有偏差，應該是動態磁力淨水處理誘發晶格之缺陷與局部錯位與失序所造成。動態磁力淨水處理製程使方解石、霰石和磁鐵礦晶粒拋錨沉積成具有平面缺陷結晶垢層，且為陰陽離子共存晶面。洛倫茲力(Lorentz force)和預先凝結綜合效應影響下，方解石依特定(hkil)晶面聚簇，霰石依板條狀快速成長，形成較大粒徑而易被水沖刷去除。

摘要 I
目錄 III
圖目錄 V
附錄目錄 IX
補充資料目錄 XI

第一章 概論 1
第二章 實驗方式 4
2-1 樣本製作及實驗步驟 4
2-1-1 樣本製作 4
2-1-2 實驗步驟(如附錄1c) 6
2-2 量測設備簡介 6
2-2-1 慢速切割機 6
2-2-2 x-光繞射儀(X-ray diffraction, XRD) 6
2-2-3 偏光顯微鏡(Polarized Optical Microscope, POM) 7
2-2-4 掃描式電子顯微鏡(Scanning Electron Microscope, SEM) 7
2-2-5 穿透式電子顯微鏡(Transmission Electron Microscopy, TEM)……………….. 7
2-2-6 微光致螢光/拉曼光譜儀(MicroRaman/PL+cold Stage) 8
2-2-7 霍氏轉換紅外光譜儀(Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectrometer) 9
第三章 實驗結果 11
3-1 X-光繞射儀(XRD)、光學顯微鏡和掃描式電子顯微鏡(SEM).11
3-2 穿透式電子顯微鏡(TEM) 13
3-2-1 低碳鋼管壁上之垢層粉末 13
3-2-2 低碳鋼平板試片上之垢層粉末 13
3-3 振動光譜 15
第四章 實驗討論 17
4-1 方解石沿優選取向成核並且依照特定{HKIL}晶面聚簇成長 17
4-2 霰石之成長晶癖面 20
4-3 磁鐵礦立方八面體和(011)晶面之成核與生長 22
4-4 工業磁能防垢應用與相關自然現象 23
第五章 結論 26
參考文獻 28

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