臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

由於近年來隨著油價高漲與環保議題受到關注，使得世界各國均積極推動替代能源分散式發電系統的開發。在小型分散式發電系統中，具有低電壓輸出特性的光伏電池，扮演著甚為重要的角色。太陽光伏發電系統之電壓、電流等特性會隨溫度與照度呈現非線性的變化，給予不同的操作電壓、電流將得到不同的功率，若能給予其適當的操作電壓、電流，便能達到較好的發電功率，因此其最大功率追蹤乃一重要研究議題。直線近似法可在不同照度時快速追蹤最大功率點，然而其方法之直線斜率並未針對溫度改變作修正，因此當太陽能電池之溫度改變時，系統並非操作在最大功率點上。本論文更深入一層探討溫度對直線近似法最大功率追蹤的影響，並提出修正技術以解決上述困境。
本論文主要探討最大功率追蹤之方法，並針對所應用的太陽能發電系統提出一適用的演算法，先探討太陽能電池輸出功率與電壓電流之關係。接著提出一能隨溫度變化自動修正之直線近似法，在溫度改變時能自動修正直線近似法中最大功率點直線之斜率，讓光伏系統能在不同溫度與照度下準確操作在最大功率點，並經由模擬驗證此方法之可行性，然後以微處理器硬體實測，驗證此法是否能真實應用於所需控制的太陽能發電系統，確認演算法的可行性之後，更進一步將演算法實現成晶片。晶片的設計實現採用TSMC 1P6M COMS 0.18um 製程，操作電壓為1.8V，晶片佈局面積為1.553*1.553mm2，數位核心電路的操作速度為25MHz，完整晶片系統的功率消耗約為10mW。在文末的量測結果亦證實，此演算法可以順利修正直線近似法的斜率。

目 錄
誌謝
摘要
Abstract
目錄
圖目錄
表目錄
第一章 緒論
1.1 研究動機
1.2 論文貢獻
1.3 論文內容概述
第二章 文獻回顧
2.1 太陽能電池特性簡介
2.2 最大功率追蹤控制方法概述
2.3 總結
第三章 類神經網路應用於太陽光伏系統之最大功率點預測
3.1 多層感知器
3.2 連續值局限型波茲曼模型
3.3 學習太陽能電池特性曲線
3.4 最大功率點預測
3.5 總結
第四章 具溫度適應性之直線近似法
4.1 溫度變化對直線近似法的影響
4.2 隨溫度變化自動調適直線斜率之方法
4.3 PSIM模擬結果
4.4 微處理器硬體實測平台
4.5 實測結果
4.6 總結
第五章 溫度適應性直線近似法之積體電路設計
5.1 系統架構
5.2 數位脈衝寬度調變電路
5.3 比例積分控制器電路
5.4 具溫度適應性之直線近似法電路
5.5 晶片佈局、接腳配置及系統規格
第六章 晶片測試結果
6.1 前言
6.2 量測平台架設與準備
6.3 晶片功能驗證
第七章 結論及未來研究方向
7.1 結論
7.2 未來研究方向
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