臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

摘要
因網路興起帶來電子資源的快速發展，而其日益高漲的價格造成的種種危機，正衝擊著大學圖書館長期以來在學術傳播中所扮演的角色，影響圖書館協助大學達成知識研究、創新、生產、傳播和利用的目的，而因應這波危機所發展出的機構典藏、開放取用與學術書刊出版等活動，卻為圖書館帶來新的發展契機，當國際上越來越多的圖書館積極投入這些新的學術傳播活動時，國內大學圖書館員對此議題的認知與態度關係著大學圖書館未來在學術傳播上的角色與發展。

本研究主要探討國內大學圖書館員對學術傳播的認知與態度，並且深究大學圖書館推動學術傳播現況與館員學術傳播的認知與態度之差異性，期望引發國內大學圖書館員新的省思，提供國內圖書館共同思考重新建立圖書館在學術傳播上可扮演的角色，找回圖書館在促進學術資訊分享與傳播利用上的主導權。

本研究採問卷調查法進行，以獲得教育部補助—邁向頂尖大學第二期計畫中的12所大學之圖書館員為主要研究對象，透過大學圖書館推動學術傳播現況問卷，及大學圖書館館員對學術傳播認知與態度問卷，就12所大學圖書館推動學術傳播現況，及圖書館編制內館員及約聘僱館員進行調查，再藉由兩種問卷調查結果進行交叉分析，以了解圖書館推動學術傳現況對館員在學術傳播認知與態度之差異性。共發放450份問卷，回收有效問卷為327份，回收率為72.66%。

本研究重要發現：1. 本研究所調查之12所大學圖書館均已參與機構典藏，而在開放取用期刊及學術專書出版方面尚不普遍。2. 館員對整體學術傳播認知的平均值為3.88，顯示大學圖書館員對學術傳播的認知程度接近「同意」的程度。館員在整體學術傳播態度平均值為3.60，介於普通及同意之間。3.館員對於學術傳播的認知越良好時，其態度表現也越佳。4. 各館在「整體學術傳播」認知方面，以交通大學圖書館館員對學術傳播的認知最高，其次為中興大學圖書館，再其次為臺灣大學圖書館。而以陽明大學圖書館館員的整體認知最低。在「整體學術傳播」態度方面，以中興大學圖書館館員之正向態度最高，其次為臺灣大學圖書館，再其次為臺灣師範大學圖書館，顯示此三所圖書館館員之正向態度較高。又以陽明大學圖書館館員之正向態度最低。5. 在身分方面，編制內館員比約聘僱館員有較佳的學術傳播認知。研究所畢業的館員在「機構典藏」、「開放取用期刊」與「整體學術傳播」上有較佳的學術傳播態度。6. 有參與開放取用期刊及學術書刊出版的圖書館，其館員在「開放取用期刊」、「學術書刊出版」及「整體學術傳播」等方面，有較佳的學術傳播的認知與態度。7. 館員們認為圖書館館長的態度、校長的態度及教師的支持是影響圖書館推動學術傳播的重要因素。而學術傳播是否屬於圖書館的業務範圍，在圖書館員之間的認知存在很大的差異。
本研究提出之建議如下：一、主動參與學術傳播：大學圖書館被期許應扮演更主動的角色，國外有越來越多的圖書館主動積極參與學術傳播相關工作，國內圖書館如能善用此發展趨勢，主動積積參與學術傳播相關活動，未嘗不是一個為圖書館注入新活水，重新建立圖書館在學術傳播上重要角色的大好機會。二、促進合作關係：建議圖書館加強與校內其他單位及館外相關單位的合作，尤其加強和教師們建立良好的合作關係，對於學術傳播的推展將更有助益。三、加強學術傳播觀念的宣導與教育訓練：建議各館加強學術傳播觀念宣導，包括學術傳播的內涵、學術傳播對圖書館的影響，以及學術傳播發展狀況與趨勢等。，如能全面提高館員在學術傳播方面的認知，更有助於提昇館員在學術傳播方面的正向態度。四、重建學術圖書館的新價值與使命：建議國內圖書館重新思考圖書館未來發展，建立圖書館新價值，凝聚館員們的共識，重塑圖書館新使命。五、提昇學術圖書館員的熱情：增加館員專業表現的信心，透過重建圖書館的新價值，為館員確立新的角色與定位，提昇館員的服務熱情及參與意願，不僅為圖書館開啟新的發展契機，並且重新找回圖書館在促進學術資訊分享與傳播利用上的主導權。

Abstract
University libraries play a key role in helping universities with knowledge creation, production, communication, and usages, which are the key functions in scholarly communication. The current system of scholarly communication is changing. Libraries and their institutions can no longer keep up with the increasing volume and cost of scholarly resources. The much-touted expectation that the digital revolution would decrease costs and increase access has been thwarted by commercial publishers interested in maximizing revenues through raising prices and restricting access. Worldwide, an increasing number of university libraries and scholars are taking action against the situation. Developing alternative approaches to scholarly communication such as institutional repositories, open access, and publishing are effective ways for university libraries to restore accessibility of information, and the cognition and attitudes of university librarians are the keys to restoring access.

The study aims at exploring the cognition and attitudes of university librarians in Taiwan toward scholarly communication, the relationship between librarians’ cognition and attitudes, and the factors that affect libraries to aid scholarly communication. To achieve the study’s aims, questionnaires investigating the cognition and attitudes of university librarians were designed; these questionnaires were administered at the 12 universities participating in the Ministry of Education’s (Taiwan, R.O.C.) “Aim for the Top University Plan.” Data collection took place from Aug. 1st, 2014 to Sep. 15th, 2014. A total of 327 valid questionnaires were collected for a return rate of 72.66%.

The study reveals that (1) the 12 university libraries have developed institutional repositories, but still need to be encouraged to develop open access, and publishing; (2) librarians scored an average of 3.88 in the category of scholarly-communication cognition, and 3.60 on scholarly-communication attitudes; (3) better attitudes strongly correlates with better cognition; (4) and, regarding individual libraries, the best cognition was found in librarians at National Chiao Tung University, followed by those at National Chung Hsing University and then those at National Taiwan University, while librarians at National Yang Ming University showed the lowest cognition; (5) librarians at National Chung Hsing University, followed by those at National Taiwan University and then those at National Taiwan Normal University had the most positive attitudes on aiding scholarly communication, while librarians at National Yang Ming University showed the least positive attitudes; (6) certified librarians had better cognition than contract librarians, while librarians with master’s degrees had more positive attitudes on aiding scholarly communication; (7) librarians in libraries that had developed open access, and publishing had better cognition and more positive attitudes on aiding scholarly communication; (8) the indicators librarians gave the highest scores as being the keys to better developing scholarly communication were library director’s support, then principle’s support, then professors’ support; and (9) librarians had widely varying opinions on whether scholarly communication is a job that belongs to libraries.

The following suggestions are proposed based on the findings: (1) Get libraries much more involved in developing scholarly communication; (2) facilitate and improve collaboration between libraries and other departments/institutions both within each university and outside, as working with professors and other academics is crucial for progress; (3) enhance librarians knowledge and training on scholarly communication to improve their attitudes on aiding scholarly communication; (4) recognize that scholarly communication nowadays is a new job for university libraries worldwide, it’s important to rebuild and stress libraries’ value and new mission and get librarians’ support on aiding scholarly communication; (5) increase librarians’ enthusiasm for, and confidence in, aiding scholarly communication, as this will increase librarians’ willingness to aid scholarly communication and help libraries play a key and perhaps pivotal role in restoring and then protecting open access to scholarly information and in facilitating scholarly communication.

目次
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 1
第二節 研究目的與問題 6
第三節 研究範圍與限制 7
第四節 名詞解釋 8
第五節 預期貢獻 9
第二章 文獻探討 10
第一節 學術傳播的發展與現況 10
一、學術傳播的定義與內涵 10
二、學術傳播的發展 13
三、學術傳播與圖書館 16
四、學術傳播的危機與未來 18
第二節 大學圖書館在學術傳播的重要性與挑戰 22
一、大學圖書館在學術傳播的重要性 22
二、大學圖書館在學術傳播的挑戰 29
第三節 大學圖書館推動學術傳播的相關活動 32
一、大學圖書館與機構典藏 33
二、大學圖書館與開放取用期刊 41
三、大學圖書館與學術書刊出版 56
第三章 研究設計與實施 65
第一節 研究架構 65
第二節 研究對象 66
第三節 研究方法與工具 67
第四節 研究實施方式 74
第五節 資料分析方法 75
第六節 研究步驟與流程 76
第四章 研究發現與分析 79
第一節 研究對象背景分析 79
第二節 大學圖書館推動學術傳播的現況與困難 86
第三節 大學圖書館員對學術傳播的認知與態度 96
第四節 大學圖書館推動學術傳播現況與館員學術傳播認知及態度之間是否存有差異 120
第五節 綜合討論 126
第五章 研究結論與建議 140
第一節 結論 140
第二節 建議 147
第三節 後續研究建議 150
參考書目： 151
附錄一：大學圖書館推動學術傳播現況調查問卷 163
附錄二：大學圖書館員對學術傳播的認知與態度調查問卷 167

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